肥大细胞作为炎症老化的生物标志物

A. Sadek, Y. Khramtsova, B. Yushkov
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摘要

大多数衰老机制被认为或多或少与炎症有关。随着年龄的增长,一种独特形式的慢性炎症发展,被称为炎症老化。由于缺乏可靠的评估标准,这一进程的机制仍然不完全清楚。免疫系统是参与加速与年龄相关的身体变化的因素之一。它还直接参与炎症的过程。在其发病机制中,肥大细胞的反应可能是非常重要的。肥大细胞在组织重塑中的作用值得特别关注,因为后者是与衰老相关的主要特征之一。因此,炎症老化被认为是衰老的充分指标,肥大细胞可以提供这一过程的生物标志物。为了验证这一假设,本研究确定了大鼠各器官肥大细胞群与年龄相关的形态功能变化。研究了不同年龄(4月龄和2岁)雄性Wistar大鼠在不同动物器官中肥大细胞的形态功能参数(数量、合成和功能活性、成熟程度)。通过对胸腺、肾上腺和皮肤的检查,我们发现了年龄依赖性的变化,即肥大细胞数量及其合成能力的减少,以及功能活性的显著增加。在胃、小肠和大肠中,在肥大细胞数量不变的情况下,我们发现它们的合成能力下降,功能活性增加。这些变化伴随着所研究器官血管的扩张。肝脏是唯一一个肥大细胞群不随年龄变化的器官。肥大细胞群中检测到的变化可能在伴随衰老过程的炎症老化事件的形成中起重要作用,因为这些细胞是炎症反应的一个组成部分。炎症老化的进程导致细胞因子和促炎介质在组织中的积累,进而激活肥大细胞。同时,乳腺细胞脱颗粒的增加可能促进炎症老化的过程。肥大细胞和炎症老化的相互影响使得肥大细胞成为寻找炎症老化生物标志物的潜在候选者成为可能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mast cells as biomarkers of inflamm-ageing
Most mechanisms of ageing are believed to be more or less associated with inflammation. With age, a unique form of chronic inflammation develops which is termed as inflamm-ageing. The mechanisms of this process are still not fully clear due to the lack of reliable assessment criteria. Immune system is among those involved in accelerating age-related changes in the body. It also directly participates in the process of inflammation. In its pathogenesis, the reaction of mast cells may be of great importance. The role of mast cells in tissue remodeling deserves special attention, since the latter event is among the main features associated with ageing. Hence, the inflamm-ageing is considered a sufficient indicator of ageing, and the mast cells could provide biomarkers of this process. In order to test the proposed hypothesis, the present study was conducted to determine age-related morpho-functional changes in mast cell populations in various organs in rats. Some morpho-functional parameters of mast cells (number, synthetic and functional activity, degree of maturation) in different animal organs were evaluated in male Wistar rats of different ages (4 months and 2 years). We have found the age-dependent changes upon examination of thymus, adrenal glands, and skin, i.e., a decrease in the number of mast cells and their synthetic capacity, along with significantly increased functional activity. In the stomach, small and large intestines, at the constant number of mast cells, we revealed a decrease in their synthetic ability, and increased functional activity. These changes were accompanied by enlargement of blood vessels in the studied organs. Liver is the only organ which did not exhibit any changes in mast cell populations with age. The detected changes in mast cell populations may play an important role in formation of inflamm-ageing events, which accompany the ageing processes, because these cells are an integral component of inflammatory response. The progression of inflamm-ageing leads to accumulation of cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators in tissues, which, in turn, activate the mast cells. At the same time, increased degranulation of mastocytes may promote the process of inflamm-ageing. The oberved mutual influence of mast cells and inflamm-ageing makes it possible to consider mastocytes as potential candidates for searching the biomarkers in inflamm-ageing.
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