Entrapment Syndromes

Entrapment syndromes, also known as nerve compression or compression neuropathy, are caused by compression or pressure on the nerve. These nerves may become compressed within various joints and regions of tight anatomy that result in symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling. Within these “tunnel” regions the nerve continues to cause neuropathic pain and chronically may present with weakness of the distal muscles. Typically, entrapment syndromes are caused by trauma, surgery, inflammation, anatomic abnormalities, or autoimmune diseases. One way of diagnosing entrapment syndromes is through nerve conduction studies such as an electromyelogram (EMG), in conjunction with radiologic imaging such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI’s). This chapter focuses on the common entrapment neuropathies with example cases and treatment choices.