SARS-CoV-2 δ (B.1.617.2)变体的全球快速传播:时空变化和公共卫生影响

Qiang Shi, Xiao-Ping Dong
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引用次数: 21

摘要

新冠肺炎疫情对人类社会的影响已经超过一年半。截至2021年8月8日,这场大流行已在全球造成2.03亿多人感染,430万人死亡。作为一种RNA病毒,SARS-CoV-2容易发生遗传进化,从而随着时间的推移导致突变的发生。全球已经描述了许多SARS-CoV-2变体,其中四种被世卫组织视为关注变体(VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7)、Beta (B.1.351)、Gamma (P1)和Delta (B.1.617.2)。Delta挥发性有机化合物于2020年12月首次在印度被报道,此后影响了大约130个不同的国家和地区。在此基础上,分析了2021年4月至7月20个国家的三角洲VOC的时空分布。4月初,三角洲VOC序列的流行率维持在较低水平,随后3个月迅速上升,目前已成为世界大部分地区的主要病毒株。我们还根据最新数据讨论了Delta VOC对传播性、临床严重程度和疫苗有效性的影响。δ型挥发性有机化合物的传播性和住院风险高于其祖先SARS-CoV-2菌株和其他三种挥发性有机化合物。三角洲挥发性有机化合物使部分或未接种疫苗的亚人群处于高风险之中。目前授权的疫苗,无论疫苗类型如何,对于三角洲VOC引起的症状性感染和住院治疗仍然具有可靠的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rapid Global Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant: Spatiotemporal Variation and Public Health Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic has already affected human society for more than 1.5 years. As of August 8, 2021, this pandemic had caused more than 203 million infected and 4.3 million deaths worldwide. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 is prone to genetic evolution, thus resulting in development of mutations over time. Numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been described globally, four of which are considered variants of concern (VOCs) by the WHO: Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P1) and Delta (B.1.617.2). The Delta VOC was first reported in India in December of 2020 and has since affected approximately 130 different countries and regions. Herein, the spatiotemporal spread of the Delta VOC during April to July 2021 in 20 selected countries with available data were analyzed. The prevalence of the Delta VOC sequences was maintained at low levels in the beginning of April, increased rapidly in the following 3 months and is now becoming the predominant viral strain in most regions of the world. We also discuss the effects of the Delta VOC on transmissibility, clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness according to the latest data. The Delta VOC has greater transmissibility and risk of hospitalization than the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains and the other three VOCs. The Delta VOC places partially or unvaccinated sub-populations at high risk. Currently authorized vaccines, regardless of vaccine type, still have reliable effectiveness against symptomatic infections and hospitalizations due to the Delta VOC.
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