Practical Guidelines for the Safe Use of Fluorine Gas Employing Continuous Flow Technology

: Despite a strong demand for fl uorinated molecules in the pharma and agrochemical industry, the production of fl uorinated compounds is often outsourced to specialized laboratories. This is likely the result of safety concerns in handling hazardous fl uorinating reagents, alongside the lack of expertise and equipment. Continuous fl ow chemistry has become an established method to perform hazardous reactions in a safe and controlled manner. To address safety issues and technical challenges, we herein provide a detailed description of the design of an advanced fl uorine gas delivery system using 10% fl uorine in nitrogen. Furthermore, an overview of suitable fl ow reactor components and the reactor design on laboratory scale is furnished. The safety precautions to mitigate risks associated with handling 10% fl uorine in nitrogen are also covered and include safety equipment integrated in the fl uorine facility, risk assessment, personal protective equipment, and fi rst aid measures.