The pioneer of intelligent construction—An overview of the development of intelligent compaction

As the pioneer in the intelligent construction technologies (ICT) of transportation infrastructure, intelligent compaction (IC) has been applied in the infrastructure construction of various countries. It is currently the technology that best reflects the intelligence of engineering construction. This article overviews the latest developments and trends in IC. Firstly, the basic meaning of ICT is defined based on the essential characteristics of intelligent construction of transportation infrastructure, “perception, analysis, decision-making, execution” (PADE). The concept of intelligent compaction technology classification is also introduced. The PADE requirements that intelligent compaction should meet are proposed. Secondly, according to the sequence of “perception, analysis, decision-making, execution,” the workflow and key technologies of intelligent compaction are analyzed, and the mechanism of using the response of the roller to solve the modulus is given and verified. On this basis, The IC feasibility test methods, including compaction degree, compaction stability, and compaction uniformity, are briefly described. The implementation scheme of feedback control is given. Then, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN), hybrid expert systems, and reinforcement learning in intelligent compaction are briefly introduced. Finally, several extended applications of intelligent compaction are expounded, including the development ideas of intelligent road rollers and the role of intelligent compaction in virtual construction, the layer-specific mechanical parameters of fillers, etc.