Editorial to the Special Issue on the International Symposium on Applied Geoinformatics 2019

Over the last years, we have observed signi cant technological developments in both instrumentation and algorithms aiming at capturing and processing geodetic and geospatial data. As a result currently most of the information about the Earth’s shape and surface is retrieved with the use or with augmentation of satellite-based systems. With such cutting-edge advances, it is now feasible to meet high requirements of conventional geodetic and surveying applications. Considering the GNSS technology as an example, it is possible to determine the positionwith a degree of precision that was previously unachievable by traditional surveying methods. But more importantly, these developments stimulate a broad range of new applications, the creation of novel opportunities and themarket for geodetic techniques. In this respect the International Symposium onApplied Geoinformatics (ISAG) 2019 has naturally become a crucial waypoint on the map of geodetic conferences and seminars. This symposium aimed to provide an international forum for the exchange of ideas and the creation of knowledge for the recent advances on various aspects of theories and applications of geodesy and geoinformatics. This Special Issue in the Journal of Geodetic Science gathers ve peer-reviewed papers that advance the state-of-the-art andoriginate from the International SymposiumonApplied Geoinformatics held at the Yildiz Technical University in Istanbul from 7 to 9 November, 2019. Several studies contained in this Special Issue of the Journal of Geodetic Science are related to the advances in the theory of geodetic observation adjustment. Duchnowski and Wyszkowska (2020) deal with testing the normality of selected variants of theHodges-Lehmann estimators. With the analyses based on the Monte Carlo method and Jarque–Bera test, the authors proved the normality of Hodges-Lehmann estimators. As shown by the authors,