暴力的狂欢:伊凡雷帝与莫斯科的流行文化

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
Maureen Perrie
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对查尔斯·哈尔佩林在他关于伊凡雷帝的书中提出的观点提出质疑,他认为沙皇在奥普里契纳时期实施的国家恐怖与米哈伊尔·巴赫金所使用的狂欢节概念毫无关系。评论者认为,与此相反,伊万的行为在很大程度上受到了D.S.利哈乔夫(D.S. Likhachev)和A.M.确定的早期罗斯“喜剧世界”的影响潘琴科被认为是莫斯科的西欧“狂欢节”。她研究了莫斯科大主教菲利普、诺夫哥罗德大主教皮门和列昂尼德的罢免和仪式羞辱,以及波雅尔费多罗夫-切利亚德宁的谋杀,并表明这些与流行文化的形式有很多共同点。同样地,奥普里契尼奇自己在某些方面也很像戏子,他们在斯洛博达的修道院就像狂欢节一样。oprichnina恐怖事件展示了一些在这一时期的民众起义中发现的可怕的报复仪式:这表明沙皇已经内化了许多流行文化的意象;他对其习语的挪用可能有助于赢得公众对他公开处决的支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Oprichnina as a Carnival of Violence: Ivan the Terrible and Muscovite Popular Culture
This essay takes issue with Charles Halperin’s assertion, in his book on Ivan the Terrible, that the state terror imposed by the tsar in the period of the oprichnina bore no relation to the concept of carnival employed by Mikhail Bakhtin. The reviewer argues that, on the contrary, Ivan’s behaviour was heavily influenced by aspects of the “comic world” of early Rus’ identified by D.S. Likhachev and A.M. Panchenko as the Muscovite equivalent of the Western European “carnivalesque”. She examines the deposition and ritual humiliation of Metropolitan Filipp of Moscow and Archbishops Pimen and Leonid of Novgorod, and the murder of the boyar I.P. Fedorov-Cheliadnin, and shows that these had much in common with forms of popular culture. Similarly, the oprichniki themselves in some respects resembled mummers, and their monastery at Aleksandrovskaia Sloboda was carnivalesque. The oprichnina terror displayed some of the gruesome rituals of retribution found in popular uprisings of the period: this suggests that the tsar had internalized much of the imagery of popular culture; and his appropriation of its idioms may have helped to gain popular support for his public executions.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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