Analysis of patients presenting with serum electrolyte imbalance in terms of the differential diagnosis of pseudohypoaldosteronism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to contribute to the differential diagnosis of transient pseudohypoaldosteronism (t-PHA).

Methods: Twenty-nine infants, younger than 24 weeks, and with high aldosterone levels were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as t-PHA and other diagnoses group. Of 29 patients, 18 were in the t-PHA group and 11 were in other diagnoses group.

Results: The means aldosterone, plasma renin activities (PRA), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) of those with t-PHA were 138±92.8 ng/dL, 8.39±10.57 ng/mL/h, 26.86±19.56 ng/L, 19.44±21.84 μg/dL, and 7.66±10.71 ng/mL, respectively. In other diagnoses group, the mean level of aldosterone, PRA, ACTH, cortisol, and 17-OHP levels was 100.9±70 ng/dL, 5.49±8.41 ng/mL/h, 408.28±491.9 ng/L, 19.99±14.43 μg/dL, and 11.99±12.21 ng/mL, respectively. In the t-PHA group, the number of patients with high PRA was eight (50%), while the number of patients with high levels was two (18.1%) in other diagnoses group. In the t-PHA group, although the average serum K levels were the same in both groups, serum aldosterone/K ratios were higher.

Conclusion: When an infant younger than 24 weeks, with urinary tract infection and/or urinary tract malformation has electrolyte abnormalities, pediatricians should primarily consider the diagnosis of t-PHA. Thus, many unnecessary investigations and inappropriate treatments can be avoided.