哺乳动物化石和博物馆藏品中普遍存在的雄性性别偏见。

IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Comptes Rendus Geoscience Pub Date : 2019-09-17 Epub Date: 2019-09-03 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1903275116
Graham Gower, Lindsey E Fenderson, Alexander T Salis, Kristofer M Helgen, Ayla L van Loenen, Holly Heiniger, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Rafał Kowalczyk, Kieren J Mitchell, Bastien Llamas, Alan Cooper
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近对猛犸象亚化石遗骸的研究表明,利用覆盖率相对较低的高通量 DNA 测序对标本进行遗传性别鉴定具有潜力,揭示了强烈的雄性偏向性别比[P. Pečnerová 等人,Curr. Biol. 27, 3505-3510.e3 (2017)]。根据草原野牛类似的雌性牛群结构,我们预测草原野牛也会出现类似的模式。我们对 186 头全北极野牛(Bison spp.)和 91 头棕熊(Ursus arctos)的亚化石遗骸进行了基因性别鉴定,发现这两类动物中 75% 为雄性,非常接近在猛犸象中观察到的比例(72%)。这种与1:1比例的巨大偏差出乎我们的意料,但我们没有发现在DNA保存、样本年龄、材料类型或总体空间分布方面存在性别差异的证据。我们进一步研究了 4 个大型哺乳动物博物馆收藏的雌雄标本比例,发现几乎所有哺乳动物门类都存在强烈的雄性偏向。我们认为,至少在哺乳动物中,1)雄性在更广的地理范围内可大大增加在化石研究中被发现的机会;2)性二形的行为或外观可在化石和现代收藏中促成相当大的性别偏向,而这种偏向的程度是以前未曾认识到的。这一发现对化石和博物馆材料的广泛研究具有重大意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Widespread male sex bias in mammal fossil and museum collections.

A recent study of mammoth subfossil remains has demonstrated the potential of using relatively low-coverage high-throughput DNA sequencing to genetically sex specimens, revealing a strong male-biased sex ratio [P. Pečnerová et al., Curr. Biol. 27, 3505-3510.e3 (2017)]. Similar patterns were predicted for steppe bison, based on their analogous female herd-based structure. We genetically sexed subfossil remains of 186 Holarctic bison (Bison spp.), and also 91 brown bears (Ursus arctos), which are not female herd-based, and found that ∼75% of both groups were male, very close to the ratio observed in mammoths (72%). This large deviation from a 1:1 ratio was unexpected, but we found no evidence for sex differences with respect to DNA preservation, sample age, material type, or overall spatial distribution. We further examined ratios of male and female specimens from 4 large museum mammal collections and found a strong male bias, observable in almost all mammalian orders. We suggest that, in mammals at least, 1) wider male geographic ranges can lead to considerably increased chances of detection in fossil studies, and 2) sexual dimorphic behavior or appearance can facilitate a considerable sex bias in fossil and modern collections, on a previously unacknowledged scale. This finding has major implications for a wide range of studies of fossil and museum material.

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来源期刊
Comptes Rendus Geoscience
Comptes Rendus Geoscience 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
68
审稿时长
5.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Created in 1835 by physicist François Arago, then Permanent Secretary, the journal Comptes Rendus de l''Académie des sciences allows researchers to quickly make their work known to the international scientific community. It is divided into seven titles covering the range of scientific research fields: Mathematics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Biology, Geoscience, Physics and Palevol. Each series is led by an editor-in-chief assisted by an editorial committee. Submitted articles are reviewed by two scientists with recognized competence in the field concerned. They can be notes, announcing significant new results, as well as review articles, allowing for a fine-tuning, or even proceedings of symposia and other thematic issues, under the direction of invited editors, French or foreign.
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