Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Various Ecological Niches of Lake Baikal Ecosystem

The article presents the results of monitoring studies of bacterial strains on antibiotic resistance held from 1995 to 2015. Samples were selected from various ecological niches of the Lake Baikal ecosystem. The bacteria was analyzed for sensitivity and resistance to 14 antibiotics. It was revealed that bacteria resistant to many antibiotics were isolated from the lake's lithoral. For the first time it has been established that when ana­lyzing a large amount of received data, it is advisable to use variance and correlation methods of analysis. A dispersion analysis of bacterial resistance to antibiotics grouped by the factor of belonging to a certain month of sampling has found that in different months of the year, average resistance is reliably different (P_value = 0,003 < α), i.e. seasonal dynamics are observed. Isolated strains are resistant to a range of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially tetracycline and ampicillin. The most effective antimicrobial action is noted for pefloxacin, cephaloxima, gentamicin, cephalozolin. According to the cluster analysis, antibio­tic-resistant strains are cross-resistant to many antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from the pelagilyan ecosystems of Lake Baikal and deep-sea bottom sediments are highly sensitive to almost all antibiotics.