剥削、贸易公正和公司义务

Pub Date : 2021-09-06 DOI:10.1515/mopp-2021-0009
Brian Berkey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在《论贸易公正》一书中,Risse和Wollner为一种贸易公正的解释进行了辩护,在这种解释中,适用于国家和企业的核心要求是不剥削的要求。在他们看来,贸易剥削是“权力导致的互惠失败”,这导致了与贸易关系相关的利益和负担的不公平分配。在本文中,我认为,尽管Risse和Wollner的描述有许多吸引人的特点,但他们的讨论并没有阐明和发展国家和企业义务的统一图景,而他们的目标是尽可能清晰地提供这种图景。我认为,尤其不清楚的是,他们究竟是如何理解适用于州和适用于公司的基于公平的要求之间的关系的。我认为他们可能接受两种类型的账户:交易账户和结构性账户。我提供了一些理由,让我认为有理由选择结构性账户。此外,我注意到接受这种解释的一些关键含义,并建议如果Risse和Wollner接受这些含义,并相应地修改他们观点的其他方面,结果是对贸易正义要求的合理和统一的解释。
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Exploitation, Trade Justice, and Corporate Obligations
Abstract In On Trade Justice, Risse and Wollner defend an account of trade justice on which the central requirement, applying to both states and firms, is a requirement of non-exploitation. On their view, trade exploitation consists in ‘power-induced failure of reciprocity’, which generates an unfair distribution of the benefits and burdens associated with trade relationships. In this paper, I argue that while there are many appealing features of Risse and Wollner’s account, their discussion does not articulate and develop the unified picture of states’ and firms’ obligations that they aim to provide as clearly as it might have. In particular, it is, I claim, unclear exactly how they understand the relationship between the fairness-based requirements that apply to states and those that apply to firms. I argue that there are two types of accounts that they might accept: a transactional account and a structural account. I offer reasons to think that there are reasons to prefer a structural account. In addition, I note some of the key implications of accepting such an account, and suggest that if Risse and Wollner accept these implications and revise other aspects of their view accordingly, the result is a plausible and unified account of what trade justice requires.
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