RNA干扰在蚜虫和其他半昆虫的基因功能研究和对抗它们的有害代表

A. V. Konarev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)是保护真核生物细胞免受外来遗传信息干扰和调节生理过程的重要机制。RNAi的发现和靶向抑制单个基因表达的方法的发展为阐明基因功能和解决生物学、医学和植物保护中的许多问题开辟了广阔的机会。这种方法有助于开发新的有效、高度特异性和环境安全的方法来控制有害昆虫。已经报道了几个实际使用RNAi来对抗咀嚼害虫的例子。由于它们的生物学特性,韧皮部取食,以及将遗传结构传递到体内的方式,具有刺穿-吸吮口器的昆虫(蚜虫,昆虫和其他半纲动物)中的RNAi值得单独考虑。本文综述了RNAi技术选择靶基因的标准、解决靶基因功能活性的问题、向各种半翅目生物传递双链rna和小rna的方法、RNAi的非靶效应及其预防方法,以及利用RNAi技术控制农业植物的半翅目害虫和人畜危险病媒可能取得的实际效果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
RNA interference in the study of gene functions in aphids and other hemipterans and the fight against their harmful representatives
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important mechanism that protects cells of eukaryotic organisms from foreign genetic information and regulates physiological processes. Discovery of RNAi and development of the methods for targeted suppression of the expression of individual genes have opened up wide opportunities for elucidating gene functions and solving many problems in biology, medicine, and plant protection. This approach can contribute to the development of new effective, highly specific, and environmentally safe ways to control harmful insects. Several examples of the practical use of RNAi for combating chewing pests have been already reported. Due to their biology, phloem-feeding, as well as the ways of delivering genetic constructs into the body, RNAi in insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts – aphids, bugs, and other hemipterans – deserves separate consideration. This review discusses the criteria for selecting target genes and the issues of their functional activity solved by RNAi, methods for delivering double-stranded and small RNAs to organisms of various Hemiptera, the non-target effects of RNAi and the ways to prevent them, as well as possible practical outcomes of using this approach to control hemipteran pests of agricultural plants and vectors of dangerous human and animal diseases.
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