解决贝尔不等式实验测试中的漏洞

D. Kaiser
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引用次数: 2

摘要

如果每次测量的结果都独立于在任意遥远位置进行的动作,那么贝尔不等式为两个或两个以上粒子的测量结果之间的相关性设置了一个严格的阈值。另一方面,量子力学预测,对处于纠缠态的粒子的测量可能比贝尔不等式所允许的关联更强。尽管在过去的半个世纪里进行的实验测试不断地测量出违反贝尔不等式的情况——与量子力学的预测一致——但这些实验一直受到一个或多个“漏洞”的影响,通过这些漏洞,量子理论的某些替代方案可以与实验结果保持一致。本章回顾了三个最重要的漏洞,通常被称为“局部性”、“公平抽样”和“自由选择”漏洞,并描述了最近的实验是如何解决它们的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tackling Loopholes in Experimental Tests of Bell's Inequality
Bell's inequality sets a strict threshold for how strongly correlated the outcomes of measurements on two or more particles can be, if the outcomes of each measurement are independent of actions undertaken at arbitrarily distant locations. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, predicts that measurements on particles in entangled states can be more strongly correlated than Bell's inequality would allow. Whereas experimental tests conducted over the past half-century have consistently measured violations of Bell's inequality---consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics---the experiments have been subject to one or more "loopholes," by means of which certain alternatives to quantum theory could remain consistent with the experimental results. This chapter reviews three of the most significant loopholes, often dubbed the "locality," "fair-sampling," and "freedom-of-choice" loopholes, and describes how recent experiments have addressed them.
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