利用淡水去除深水采油井的结垢

Paulo Henrique de Amorim Martins, Bruno Marins Freiman
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摘要

本文介绍了在高矿化度、低矿化度的碳酸盐岩油藏深水生产井中,利用淡水去除生产油管内无机结垢的效果。本文从生产损失的识别、主要原因的调查、处理建议和取得结果的讨论,涵盖了整个过程。关于研究井中水垢沉积机理的一个假设是,盐的沉淀是由于采出水的蒸发造成的。这种现象是通过人工提升法(气举)中应用的水与干气接触而发生的。提议和测试的除垢程序包括用淡水浸泡生产油管,以溶解沉淀物或至少部分可溶于水的沉淀物。由于建议的方法使用大量淡水,增加了水合物风险,因此采取了与流量保证有关的预防性护理行动。通过远程酸化(在专门的容器辅助下)系统地清除了具有这些特征的井中的结垢。事实证明,这种做法总是有效的。另一方面,远程酸化总是昂贵的,并且取决于关键资源的可用性。本文中描述的技术既不需要容器也不需要酸,因此成本大大降低。由于油井的产能完全恢复,第一次测试的结果基本上是积极的。从这个意义上说,证实了水垢沉积的水溶性假设,验证了方法的正确性。自验证以来,该方法已经应用了多次,证实了其可重复性,并将其推广到其他具有类似结垢现象的井中,从而降低了成本,并在短时间内恢复了生产。然而,在充分了解沉积物质和防止其沉积方面出现了新的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Scale Removal In A Deepwater Oil Production Well Using Fresh Water
The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained by the use of fresh water in order to remove inorganic scale deposited inside production tubing from carbonate reservoir deepwater production wells with high salinity and low BS&W. The paper covers the entire process from the identification of production loss, the investigation of its main causes, treatment propositions and discussion of obtained results. One of the hypotheses regarding the scale deposition mechanism in the studied wells is that the precipitation of salts is due to the evaporation of produced water. This phenomenon occurs through the contact of water with dry gas applied in the artificial elevation method (gas lift). The proposed and tested scale removal procedure consists of a soaking of the production tubing with fresh water in order to dissolve the deposition or at least part of it that is soluble in water. Preventive care actions in relation to flow assurance were taken, since the suggested method uses a high volume of fresh water, increasing the hydrate risks. Scaling in wells with those characteristics was systematically removed through remote acidification (with specialized vessel assistance). That approach has shown to be always effective. On the other hand, remote acidification was always costly and dependent on the availability of critical resources. The technique depicted in this paper requires neither a vessel nor acid and, therefore, incurs significantly lower costs. The results obtained in the first tests were substantially positive since the wells’ productivity was fully restored. In this sense, the hypothesis of water solubility of the scale deposition was confirmed, and the method validated. Since its validation, the method has been applied a number of times, confirming its repeatability, and extending its use to other wells with similar scaling occurrences, reducing costs and restoring the production in a short time. Nevertheless, new challenges arise in relation to the full comprehension of the deposited material and the prevention of its deposition.
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