Analysis of insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor of an Indian major carp labeo rohita: an in silico approach

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) remains in the different classes of vertebrates including birds [1,2], reptiles, amphibians [3], fishes [4-6] and mammals [7]. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a protein comprising two major forms, IGF-I and IGF-II [8,9] . The IGF-I is produced from the liver Sjogren et al. [10] by the influence of growth hormone involving the axis of pituitary/hepatic system-GH/IGF-I system [11,12]. Further, the IGF-I [13] and its receptors (IGF-IR) are also expressed in various extrahepatic regions [14]. The circulatory IGF-I promotes the systemic body growth by effecting cells of muscle, cartilage, bones etc. [15]. The transmembrane receptor insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-IR) is involved in exerting the functional role of IGF-I for the promotion of growth by effecting the anabolic reactions of the physiological system [16]. The binding of IGF-IR to IGF-I or IGF-II, leads to activation of either RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK or PI3K/ AKT signaling pathways for promoting the cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic activities [17]. A crosstalk of insulin/IGF-I and GPCR signaling mechanism can create suppression of apoptosis in certain physiological conditions [18].