汉英词典和汉语学习者词典中的词汇处理

IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Xuhua Zhang, A. Gander
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引用次数: 0

摘要

毫无疑问,短语是所有语言使用的核心。本文考察了两本有影响的汉英词典和四本汉语学习者词典对短语的处理。“吃”和“打”这两个高频词因其高度的多义性和短语性而被选中,并在普通话兰开斯特语料库中对它们的短语行为进行了研究。研究了汉英词典和汉语食打词典中的词条,并将其词典记录与之前基于语料库的研究结果进行了比较。基于语料库的“吃”和“打”的短语行为识别和分类表明,一些多字符表达不能被现有分类法所提供的术语所涵盖(Sag et al., 2002)。在此基础上,对分类学进行了修订,以便对汉语词汇进行适当的分类。语料库检索结果与汉英词典词条记录的比较表明,汉英词典对词汇的处理在整体上趋同。相比之下,我们观察到学习者的字典不一致。我们还发现,两本汉英词典在短语的整体收录和排除上是一致的。同样,我们还观察到汉英词典和学习者词典之间以及四种学习者词典之间处理短语的方式存在许多差异。值得注意的是,在语料库中观察到的动词助词结构几乎没有被收录在所观察的词典中。我们建议这些结构也应该被视为短语,如果这些短语不隐藏在其他较长的短语中,并且被赋予与标题词相同的地位,字典将更加用户友好。未来更大的语料库和样本将更好地表征汉语短语的分类,并提供更多结论性的发现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
treatment of phraseology in Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners
There is little doubt that phraseology is at the heart of all language use. This paper examines the treatment of phraseology in two influential Chinese–English dictionaries and four Chinese dictionaries for learners. Two high-frequency characters, namely eat and hit, were selected due to their highly polysemous and phraseological nature, and their phraseological behaviors examined in the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese. The entries in the Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners for eat and hit were examined and their dictionary records compared with the results of the previous corpus-based study. The corpus-based identification and categorization of the phraseological behaviors of eat and hit revealed that some multi-character expressions could not be covered by the terms offered by the existing taxonomy (Sag et al., 2002). Accordingly, the taxonomy was revised for the appropriate categorization of Chinese phraseology. Comparisons between corpus-based findings and entry records in Chinese–English dictionaries showed a convergence in the overall treatment of phraseology in Chinese–English dictionaries. By contrast, inconsistencies in the learners’ dictionaries were observed. It was also found that the two Chinese–English dictionaries agree with each other on the overall inclusion and exclusion of phrases. Again, we also observed many differences in the way phrases are treated between Chinese–English dictionaries and learners’ dictionaries and also among the four learners’ dictionaries. It is worth noting that hardly any of the verb-particle constructions observed in the corpus are included in the dictionaries under observation. We propose that these constructions should also be treated as phrases and the dictionaries would be more user-friendly if these phrases were not hidden in the other longer phrases, and were given the same status as the headwords. A larger corpus and sampling in the future would better characterize the taxonomy of Chinese phraseology and provide more conclusive findings.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Lexicography was launched in 1988. Interdisciplinary as well as international, it is concerned with all aspects of lexicography, including issues of design, compilation and use, and with dictionaries of all languages, though the chief focus is on dictionaries of the major European languages - monolingual and bilingual, synchronic and diachronic, pedagogical and encyclopedic. The Journal recognizes the vital role of lexicographical theory and research, and of developments in related fields such as computational linguistics, and welcomes contributions in these areas.
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