Towards feed independence: Types of auto-feeder technologies for efficient fish farming

Efficient feeding plays a vital role in the success of fish farming operations. In recent years, there has been a growing need to develop auto-feeder technologies that not only optimize feed utilization but also reduce labor costs and environmental impact. This abstract explores the various types of auto-feeder technologies that contribute to achieving feed independence in fish farming. The paper delves into three primary categories of auto-feeders: demand-based feeders, time-based feeders, and sensor-based feeders. Demand-based feeders employ advanced algorithms to dispense feed based on the fish's appetite, ensuring optimal feeding rates and minimizing wastage. Time-based feeders provide feed at pre-determined intervals, offering a more straightforward approach but requiring careful calibration. Sensor-based feeders utilize real-time data from environmental sensors, such as water quality parameters and fish behavior, to adjust feeding schedules and quantities accordingly. The abstract highlights the advantages and limitations of each auto-feeder type, considering factors such as feed conversion efficiency, growth performance