玉米-木薯间作:提高肯尼亚沿海低地粮食和饲料安全和收入的努力

K. Lewa, Ws Chivatsi, H. Saha, R. Muinga
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肯尼亚农畜研究组织(KALRO)在Mtwapa中心开展了一项研究,旨在评估遮荫对玉米-木薯间作系统生产力的影响,以及该间作系统在旱季对粮食和饲料以及收入的贡献。玉米和木薯种植在两块土地上,每块面积为一公顷。在阴凉处建立了一个地块,模拟树木作物下的作物生产,这是肯尼亚沿海地区的特点。第二个地块建立在一个开放的区域。除遮荫区木薯叶产量高于无遮荫区(1.67 vs 1.25) (p < 0.05)外,遮荫区木薯叶产量均无显著差异(p > 0.05)。遮荫处理与未遮荫处理的玉米产量差异显著(p < 0.05)。遮荫使玉米籽粒和麸皮产量降低48%,秸秆产量降低29%。据估计,遮荫下的粮食产量(2.38 tha - 1)可以养活一个10口之家,剩余的1.4 tha - 1可供出售。遮荫处理和无遮荫处理(19和22 t ha - 1)的可售木薯的售价分别为317720和323600 KES,相当于3 488美元和3 553美元。遮荫和不遮荫处理的未上市木薯根(8.5和9.59 t公顷- 1),加上玉米麸皮(0.11和0.21 t公顷- 1),每年可为7至8头奶牛(400公斤活重)提供足够的能量补充。玉米秸秆(1.5 ~ 2.1 t ha - 1)可饲喂7 ~ 9头奶牛,饲喂期53 ~ 65 d。木薯叶每年可以为一到两头奶牛提供蛋白质补充。因此,玉米-木薯间作系统将有助于肯尼亚沿海地区的粮食和饲料安全,并增加收入。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Maize–Cassava Intercropping: An Effort to Increase Food and Feed Security and Incomes in Coastal Lowland Kenya
ABSTRACT The study was carried out at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO) Centre at Mtwapa to assess the effect of shade on the productivity of a maize–cassava intercropping system and on the contribution of the intercropping system to food and feed during the dry season, as well as to income. Maize and cassava crops were established in two plots measuring one hectare each. One plot was established in the shade to mimic crop production under tree crops, which is characteristic of coastal Kenya. The second plot was established in an open area. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the yields in the shaded and unshaded plots for all cassava products with the exception of cassava leaf yield, which was higher (p < 0.05) in the shade, (1.67 vs 1.25 t ha−1). In contrast, all the maize products differed (p < 0.05) between the shaded and unshaded treatments. Shade reduced maize grain and bran yield by 48% and stover by 29%. It was estimated that the grain yield in the shade (2.38 t ha−1) would feed a family of 10 people and leave a surplus of 1.4 t ha−1 for sale. The marketable cassava in the shaded and unshaded treatments (19 and 22 t ha−1) could be sold for KES 317 720 and KES 323 600, equivalent to US$ 3 488 and US$ 3 553, respectively. The unmarketable cassava roots (8.5 and 9.59 t ha−1), plus the maize bran (0.11 and 0.21 t ha−1) from the shaded and unshaded treatments could be an adequate energy supplement for seven to eight cows (400 kg live weight) annually. Maize stover (1.5 to 2.1 t ha−1) could be fed to 7–9 cows for 53 to 65 days. The cassava leaves would provide protein supplement for one to two cows per year. Maize–cassava intercrop systems would, therefore, contribute to food and feed security and increase incomes in coastal Kenya.
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