美国和欧盟在ICT标准化法律和政策方面的监管竞争

J. Winn
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引用次数: 11

摘要

美国和欧盟之间的监管竞争影响着定义全球ICT网络的标准的发展。曾经制定这些标准的传统标准制定组织已经被信息通信技术快速创新的步伐所边缘化,而非正式标准制定组织已经冲进了这个缺口。美国的政策倾向于非正式的标准制定过程,往往要求政府利益服从于市场结果;而欧盟的政策倾向于正式的标准制定过程,往往要求市场结果服从于政治命令。在缺乏一个普遍认可的、正式的多边体系来监督全球ICT网络标准的制定的情况下,美国采取的以市场为导向的、分散的方法可能会比欧盟的方法对未来的ICT标准产生更大的影响。然而,在促进互操作性方面的公共利益与专有技术方面的私人利益,以及在减少全球ICT网络市场分裂的风险方面,欧盟方法的精简、重新激活版本可能比美国方法更有效。在可预见的未来,所有类型的标准管理机构之间的监管竞争可能会继续,因为协调标准法律和政策的多边努力将难以在标准政策与国家或地区文化价值观密切相关的环境中取得成功。
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US and EU regulatory competition in ICT standardization law & policy
Regulatory competition between the US and EU influences the development of the standards that define global ICT networks. Traditional standard-setting organizations that once developed those standards have been marginalized by the rapid pace of innovation in ICT, and informal standard-setting organizations have rushed into the breach. US policy favors informal standard-setting processes and often requires government interests to be subordinated to market outcomes, while EU policy favors formal standard-setting processes and often requires market outcomes to be subordinated to political mandates. In the absence of a universally recognized, formal multilateral system to oversee the development of standards for global ICT networks, the market-oriented, decentralized approach taken by the US may continue to have more impact on future ICT standards than the EU approach. However, a streamlined, reinvigorated version of the EU approach might be more effective than the US approach in promoting the public interest in interoperability against private interests in proprietary technologies and in reducing the risk of market fragmentation in global ICT networks. Regulatory competition among all types of standards authorities is likely to continue for the foreseeable future because multilateral efforts to harmonize standards law and policy will have difficulty succeeding in an environment where standards policy remains closely tied to national or regional cultural values.
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