工业电子在过去二十年的发展和展望未来

Walther Richter
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摘要

在过去的二十年里,所有类型的电子管都有了重大的改进。小管变得更小了,而大管的产量却增加了。实现了更高的可靠性,并向上扩展了频率限制。氢闸流管已经研制成功,为脉冲工作提供了高功率。点火器等级显著提高。通过电网控制关闭燃气管道的问题已受到重视,并产生了两种新型管道,但目前它们的产量有限。在光敏器件的列表中增加了硫化铅和类似的电池,提供了检测长波长的红外辐射的手段。一系列巧妙的传感器扩展了电子管在测量和控制领域的应用;可以观察和记录较小量级的物理量,如距离、压力和磁场强度。在天平的另一端,管提供高频功率的感应和介电加热。但到目前为止,过去15年中最突出的发展是在固态或半导体器件领域。在这方面,1948年宣布的晶体管占据了首位,其特性的改进正以惊人的速度进行。1957年,被称为固态闸流管的硅控整流器加入了这一行列。这两种设备给工业电子学带来了巨大的新推动力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Industrial Electronic Developments in the Last Two Decades and a Glimpse into the Future
During the past two decades significant improvements have been made in all types of electron tubes. Small tubes became still smaller, and the output of large tubes has been increased. Greater reliability has been achieved, and frequency limits have been extended upward. Hydrogen thyratrons have been developed, providing high power for pulse work. Ignitron ratings have been increased significantly. The problem of shutting off gas tubes by grid control has received attention and has led to two new types of tubes which at this time have, however, only limited output. To the list of photosensitive devices have been added the leadsulfide and similar cells, providing means of detecting infrared radiation of long wave length. A host of ingenious transducers has extended the use of electron tubes in the measurement and control field; smaller magnitudes of physical quantities, such as distance, pressure and magnetic field intensity can be observed and recorded. On the other end of the scale, tubes have provided HF power for induction and dielectric heating. But by far the most outstanding development of the last 15 years has been in the field of solid state or semiconductor devices. Here the transistor, announced in 1948, occupies first place, and improvements in its characteristics are coming at a breath-taking pace. In 1957 the silicon-controlled rectifier, aptly called a solid-state thyratron, joined the march. These two devices are giving industrial electronics a tremendous new drive.
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