Synergistic interaction between Bambusa arundinacea and Euphorbia hirta leaf extract on antioxidant, antiglycation and DNA protective properties.

Oxidative stress and enhanced non-enzymatic protein glycation result in the pathogenesis of various disorders in humans, including diabetes mellitus. This study examined the synergistic action of Bambusa arundinacea with Euphorbia hirta leaf extract for anti-oxidant potential, antiglycation effect on fructose-mediated proteins, and DNA-protective properties. The methanolic extract shows significantly (P<0.01) higher total phenolic and flavonoid content when compared with ethyl acetate and hexane extract in both plants. The combined methanolic extract (CME) of both plants exhibits higher antioxidant potential, as indicated by the lower IC50 values obtained for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (4.82 μg/ml) and NO (nitric oxide) scavenging activity (3.94 μg/ml) with stronger Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity when compared to B. arundinacea and E. hirta individually. The antiglycation analysis revealed that CME is more potent to inhibit fructose-mediated glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) at the early and middle stages. In addition to this, CME more effectively inhibits protein glycation in the late phase, which was confirmed by declining fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, a high degree of positive correlation was obtained between antioxidant and antiglycation capacities through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results also demonstrated that CME displays a synergistic effect in protecting DNA from oxidative damage and preventing the formation of glycation of DNA.