钒的胰岛素样作用:作为治疗剂的潜力

Lucy Marzban, John H. McNeill
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引用次数: 62

摘要

钒化合物是一种降血糖剂,在体外和体内都能模拟/增强胰岛素的大部分代谢作用。几项研究表明,钒治疗可降低1型糖尿病实验模型中的血糖水平,并增强2型糖尿病模型中的胰岛素敏感性。因此,这些化合物作为两种类型糖尿病的口服治疗候选药物而受到关注。尽管进行了大量研究,但钒介导其体内代谢作用的机制仍不完全清楚。钒在体外的大多数胰岛素样作用是在体内通常无法达到的高浓度钒存在下观察到的,这一发现表明钒的这些作用可能与治疗无关。此外,越来越多的体内研究证据表明,增强外周组织中的葡萄糖处理并不能充分解释钒在体内的降血糖作用。因此,最近的研究表明,通过抑制关键的糖异生酶来抑制肝脏葡萄糖的产生,可能在介导钒的葡萄糖调节作用中发挥重要作用。胰岛素信号通路中的几个潜在位点,包括受体和受体后机制,已经被提出用于钒化合物的胰岛素样作用。在这篇综述中,我们试图讨论钒在体内代谢作用的可能分子机制。J.Trace Elem。《实验医学》,16:253–2672003。©2003 Wiley-Liss,股份有限公司。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Insulin-like actions of vanadium: Potential as a therapeutic agent
Vanadium compounds are glucose-lowering agents that are shown to mimic/enhance most of the metabolic actions of insulin both in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have demonstrated that vanadium treatment lowers plasma glucose levels in experimental models of type 1 diabetes and enhances insulin sensitivity in models of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, these compounds have gained attention as candidates for oral therapy in both types of diabetes. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism(s) by which vanadium mediates its metabolic effects in vivo are still not completely understood. The finding that most of the insulin-like effects of vanadium in vitro are observed in the presence of high concentrations of vanadium that are not usually achieved in vivo suggests that these effects of vanadium may not have therapeutic relevance. Also, a growing body of evidence from in vivo studies indicates that enhancing glucose disposal in the peripheral tissues is not an adequate explanation for the glucose lowering effects of vanadium in vivo. Accordingly, recent studies suggest that suppression of hepatic glucose production through inhibition of key gluconeogenic enzymes might have an important role in mediating the glucoregulatory effects of vanadium. Several potential sites in the insulin-signaling pathways, including both receptor and postreceptor mechanisms, have been proposed for the insulin-like effects of vanadium compounds. In this review, we have attempted to discuss the possible molecular mechanism(s) underlying the metabolic effects of vanadium in vivo. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:253–267, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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