性格正念和反社会行为:年轻人的概况研究

Benoit Monié, Jonathan Bronchain, Sophie Becquié, Patrick Raynal, Henri Chabrol
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Cette étude offre des pistes pour la prévention et le traitement des comportements antisociaux à travers des interventions basées sur la pleine conscience.</p></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Mindfulness skills and sensation seeking have been found to be differently associated with antisocial behavior in young adult. On the one hand, dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with verbal aggression behaviors, anger, hostility and impulsivity (Brown and Ryan, 2003 ; Heppner et al., 2008), and, on the other hand, it can reduce some aggressive behavior following a rejection situation (Heppner et al., 2008). In heightened mindfulness, situations generally perceived as threats are assessed differently and lead to more appropriate behaviors. Similarly, depressive symptomatology, cannabis use and alcohol use, seem to be related to dispositional mindfulness and antisocial behaviors (Karyadi et al., 2014 ; Royuela-Colomer and Calvete, 2016). However, factors such as sensation seeking are important to take into account in the psychopathology of adolescents and young adults. Sensation seeking and dispositional mindfulness refer jointly to aspects of emotional regulation. Sensation seeking has been linked to the development of antisocial behaviors (Wilson and Scarpa, 2011), and to proactive and reactive aggression in adolescents (Pérez-Fuentes et al., 2016). Sensation seeking is also associated with alcohol use (LaBrie et al., 2014), and is an independent predictor of cannabis and alcohol use in adolescents (Chabrol et al., 2010). To our knowledge, no study has jointly highlighted sensation seeking and mindfulness to understand antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the links between dispositional mindfulness, sensation seeking and antisocial behavior using correlation and cluster analyzes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 1572 students from different French universities who completed self-report questionnaires assessing these dimensions as well as depressive symptomatology and alcohol and cannabis use.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Correlation analyzes show that dispositional mindfulness is negatively correlated with antisocial behavior (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.28, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) and with depressive symptoms (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.54, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05), while sensation seeking is positively correlated with alcohol (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.26, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) and cannabis use (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.27, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) and antisocial behavior (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.18 ; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) (Table 1). A classification analysis based on the dispositional mindfulness and sensation seeking scores yielded four distinct groups: a low-score cluster (BT), a high mindfulness cluster (HP), a third cluster with a high level of sensation seeking (HS) and a final cluster with high levels of mindfulness and sensation seeking (HPS) (Fig. 1). The HS cluster, characterized by low levels of dispositional mindfulness and a high level of sensation seeking showed significantly higher scores of antisocial behavior, alcohol and cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use than those of the other groups (Table 2). The HS group also had a high level of depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This result confirms the influence of sensation seeking on specific psychopathological factors (Chabrol et al., 2010 ; Pérez-Fuentes et al., 2016), particularly when dispositional mindfulness is low. 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Thirdly, it is not known whether the results of the current study are applicable to a forensic sample, since all participants were university students.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Future research should include participants with forensic and high antisocial behavior. The results suggest paying particular attention to dispositional mindfulness in the understanding of specific psychopathological disorders. As behavioral disorders are regularly associated, mindfulness-based interventions, effective at different levels, could offer possibilities for the treatment of comorbid psychopathologies (Wupperman et al., 2015). 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在通过相关性和分类分析,了解倾向性正念、寻求感觉和反社会行为之间的联系。1572名学生(平均年龄=20.30±2.01)的样本回答了评估这些维度以及抑郁症状、酒精和大麻使用的问卷。基于正念和感觉寻求分数的分类分析得出了四个非常不同的组:低特征组(BT)、高正念分数组(HP)、第三感觉寻求水平组(HS)和最后一感觉寻求水平的组(HPS)。HS组的反社会行为得分明显高于其他组,而HP组的反社会行为水平低于其他三组。这些结果表明,正念技能可能会缓和寻求高度感觉对反社会行为的影响。本研究提供了通过正念干预预防和治疗反社会行为的方法。人们发现,正念技能和寻求感觉与年轻人的反社会行为有不同的关联。一方面,性格正念与言语攻击行为、愤怒、好客和冲动负相关(Brown和Ryan,2003;Heppner等人,2008),另一方面,它可以减少拒绝情况下的一些攻击行为(Heppner等人,2008)。在高度正念中,通常被视为威胁的情况被不同地评估,并导致更适当的行为。类似地,抑郁症状学、大麻使用和酒精使用似乎与性格正念和反社会行为有关(Karyadi等人,2014年;Royuela Colomer和Calvete,2016年)。然而,在青少年和年轻人的精神病理学中,寻找感觉等因素很重要。寻求感觉和倾向性正念同时涉及情绪调节的各个方面。寻求感觉与反社会行为的发展(Wilson和Scarpa,2011年)以及青少年的主动和反应性攻击(Pérez Fuentes等人,2016年)有关。感觉寻求也与酒精使用有关(Labrie等人,2014年),是青少年大麻和酒精使用的独立预测因素(Chabrol等人,2010年)。据我们所知,没有任何研究同时强调了理解反社会行为的感觉寻求和正念。本研究的目的是利用相关性和聚类分析探索倾向性正念、感觉寻求和反社会行为之间的联系。方法参与者是来自不同法国大学的1572名学生,他们完成了自我报告问卷,评估了抑郁症状、酒精和大麻使用等方面。结果校正分析表明,性格正念与反社会行为(r=-0.28,p&lt;0.05)和抑郁症状(r=-0.54,p&lt;0.05),而感觉寻求与酒精(r=0.26,p&lt;0.05)、大麻使用(r=0.27,p&lt;0.05)和反社会行为(r=0.18;p&lt;0.05)呈正相关(表1)。基于倾向性正念和感觉寻求评分的分类分析产生了四个不同的组:低评分组(BT)、高正念组(HP)、高水平感觉寻求组(HS)和高水平正念和感觉寻求组(HPS)(图1)。以低水平的倾向性正念和高水平的寻求感觉为特征的HS集群在反社会行为、酒精和大麻使用以及问题性大麻使用方面的得分明显高于其他群体(表2)。HS组也有高水平的抑郁症状。讨论结果证实了感觉寻求对特定精神病理学因素的影响(Chabrol等人,2010年;Pérez Fuentes等人,2016年),特别是当性格正念较低时。HP和HPS集群以高水平的处置正念为特征,反社会行为和抑郁症状的频率显著较低。这一结果表明,正念可能是反社会行为(Heppner等人,2008年)和抑郁症状(Royuela Colomer和Calvete,2016年)的保护因素,而不考虑寻求的感觉水平。这项研究有局限性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pleine conscience dispositionnelle et comportements antisociaux : étude de profils chez le jeune adulte

Cette étude a pour but de comprendre les liens entre pleine conscience dispositionnelle, recherche de sensations et comportements antisociaux en utilisant des analyses de corrélations et classificatoires. Un échantillon de 1572 étudiants (âge moyen = 20,30 ± 2,01) a répondu à des questionnaires évaluant ces dimensions ainsi que la symptomatologie dépressive et les consommations d’alcool et de cannabis. Une analyse de classification basée sur les scores de pleine conscience et de recherche de sensations a permis d’obtenir quatre groupes très distincts : un groupe à bas traits (BT), un groupe avec des scores élevés de pleine conscience (HP), un troisième groupe avec un haut niveau de recherche de sensations (HS) et un dernier groupe avec des niveaux élevés de pleine conscience et de recherche de sensations (HPS). Le groupe HS présente des scores de comportements antisociaux significativement plus élevés que ceux des autres groupes, tandis que le groupe HP a un niveau de comportements antisociaux moins élevés que celui des trois autres groupes. Ces résultats suggèrent que des aptitudes à la pleine conscience pourraient modérer l’effet de la recherche de sensation élevée sur les comportements antisociaux. Cette étude offre des pistes pour la prévention et le traitement des comportements antisociaux à travers des interventions basées sur la pleine conscience.

Introduction

Mindfulness skills and sensation seeking have been found to be differently associated with antisocial behavior in young adult. On the one hand, dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with verbal aggression behaviors, anger, hostility and impulsivity (Brown and Ryan, 2003 ; Heppner et al., 2008), and, on the other hand, it can reduce some aggressive behavior following a rejection situation (Heppner et al., 2008). In heightened mindfulness, situations generally perceived as threats are assessed differently and lead to more appropriate behaviors. Similarly, depressive symptomatology, cannabis use and alcohol use, seem to be related to dispositional mindfulness and antisocial behaviors (Karyadi et al., 2014 ; Royuela-Colomer and Calvete, 2016). However, factors such as sensation seeking are important to take into account in the psychopathology of adolescents and young adults. Sensation seeking and dispositional mindfulness refer jointly to aspects of emotional regulation. Sensation seeking has been linked to the development of antisocial behaviors (Wilson and Scarpa, 2011), and to proactive and reactive aggression in adolescents (Pérez-Fuentes et al., 2016). Sensation seeking is also associated with alcohol use (LaBrie et al., 2014), and is an independent predictor of cannabis and alcohol use in adolescents (Chabrol et al., 2010). To our knowledge, no study has jointly highlighted sensation seeking and mindfulness to understand antisocial behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the links between dispositional mindfulness, sensation seeking and antisocial behavior using correlation and cluster analyzes.

Methods

Participants were 1572 students from different French universities who completed self-report questionnaires assessing these dimensions as well as depressive symptomatology and alcohol and cannabis use.

Results

Correlation analyzes show that dispositional mindfulness is negatively correlated with antisocial behavior (r = −0.28, P < 0.05) and with depressive symptoms (r = −0.54, P < 0.05), while sensation seeking is positively correlated with alcohol (r = 0.26, P < 0.05) and cannabis use (r = 0.27, P < 0.05) and antisocial behavior (r = 0.18 ; P < 0.05) (Table 1). A classification analysis based on the dispositional mindfulness and sensation seeking scores yielded four distinct groups: a low-score cluster (BT), a high mindfulness cluster (HP), a third cluster with a high level of sensation seeking (HS) and a final cluster with high levels of mindfulness and sensation seeking (HPS) (Fig. 1). The HS cluster, characterized by low levels of dispositional mindfulness and a high level of sensation seeking showed significantly higher scores of antisocial behavior, alcohol and cannabis use, and problematic cannabis use than those of the other groups (Table 2). The HS group also had a high level of depressive symptoms.

Discussion

This result confirms the influence of sensation seeking on specific psychopathological factors (Chabrol et al., 2010 ; Pérez-Fuentes et al., 2016), particularly when dispositional mindfulness is low. The HP and HPS clusters, which are characterized by a high level of dispositional mindfulness, are distinguished by a significantly lower frequency of antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. This result suggests that mindfulness may be a protective factor for antisocial behavior (Heppner et al., 2008) and depressive symptoms (Royuela-Colomer and Calvete, 2016), regardless of the level of sensation seeking. There are limitations to this study. Firstly, the data collection was carried out through an online survey published on social networks. This mode of data collection can lead to an under-representation of some participant profiles, especially those with high impulsivity. Secondly, the use of self-report questionnaires can be problematic, although they have shown their validity in the assessment of dispositional mindfulness and antisocial behaviors (Bohlmeijer et al., 2011 ; Heeren et al., 2011). Thirdly, it is not known whether the results of the current study are applicable to a forensic sample, since all participants were university students.

Conclusion

Future research should include participants with forensic and high antisocial behavior. The results suggest paying particular attention to dispositional mindfulness in the understanding of specific psychopathological disorders. As behavioral disorders are regularly associated, mindfulness-based interventions, effective at different levels, could offer possibilities for the treatment of comorbid psychopathologies (Wupperman et al., 2015). Finally, mindfulness seems to be able to moderate the impact of certain factors such as sensation seeking.

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