颈动脉体化学感觉转导机制。

4区 生物学 Q3 Medicine
Nikolai E Lazarov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

哺乳动物颈动脉体(CB)是一种多模式化学受体,它被血液刺激激活,最显著的是缺氧、高碳酸血症和酸中毒,从而确保细胞对血液物理和化学参数的变化做出适当的反应。肾小球细胞被认为是CB化学感受细胞和化学受体转导的起始位点。然而,他们检测血液化学水平变化的分子机制,以及这些变化如何导致递质释放,尚不清楚。到目前为止,对氧气和酸/二氧化碳传感的化学转导机制描述得最好。已经假设了一些可测试的假设,包括氧与肾小球细胞中离子通道的直接相互作用(膜假设)、由可逆配体如血红素的间接界面(代谢假设),甚至是假定的氧传感器之间的功能相互作用(化学小体假说),或乳酸盐与CB非典型嗅觉受体Olfr78中高度表达的相互作用(内分泌模型)。还表明CB中的感觉转导独特地依赖于气体递质的作用和相互作用。显然,氧传感并没有利用单一的机制,后来的观察结果有力地支持了化学转导的统一膜模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mechanisms of Chemosensory Transduction in the Carotid Body.

The mammalian carotid body (CB) is a polymodal chemoreceptor, which is activated by blood-borne stimuli, most notably hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis, thus ensuring an appropriate cellular response to changes in physical and chemical parameters of the blood. The glomus cells are considered the CB chemosensory cells and the initial site of chemoreceptor transduction. However, the molecular mechanisms by which they detect changes in blood chemical levels and how these changes lead to transmitter release are not yet well understood. Chemotransduction mechanisms are by far best described for oxygen and acid/carbon dioxide sensing. A few testable hypotheses have been postulated including a direct interaction of oxygen with ion channels in the glomus cells (membrane hypothesis), an indirect interface by a reversible ligand like a heme (metabolic hypothesis), or even a functional interaction between putative oxygen sensors (chemosome hypothesis) or the interaction of lactate with a highly expressed in the CB atypical olfactory receptor, Olfr78, (endocrine model). It is also suggested that sensory transduction in the CB is uniquely dependent on the actions and interactions of gaseous transmitters. Apparently, oxygen sensing does not utilize a single mechanism, and later observations have given strong support to a unified membrane model of chemotransduction.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
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期刊介绍: "Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology" presents critical reviews on all topical fields of normal and experimental anatomy including cell biology. The multi-perspective presentation of morphological aspects of basic biological phenomen in the human constitutes the main focus of the series. The contributions re-evaluate the latest findings and show ways for further research.
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