Recent advances in electrode interface modifications in perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing attention in the past decade due to their low cost and ease of manufacture, which make them promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. However, the long-term stability of PSCs is still a major challenge that needs to be addressed before they can be commercialized. Interface engineering is a promising strategy to improve the performance and stability of PSCs. Here, we review the latest progress of interface modifications in PSCs, focusing on electrode interface layers. We discuss energy band alignment, carrier transport dynamics, interfacial defect passivation, and device stability in relation to electrode interface modifying materials. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of electrode interface modifications in PSCs based on recent advances.