The Multidimensional Model of the One-Minute Paper: Advancing theory through theoretical elaboration

The One Minute Paper (OMP) is a formative assessment technique which provides scaffolding for students to build knowledge. This study uses a theory elaboration approach to develop the Multidimensional Model of the One-Minute Paper. The model is conceptualised by connecting preliminary models with the empirical observations from a qualitative study. The findings are based on the results from student OMP responses, student focus groups and lecturer interviews.

The study takes advantage of a natural experiment to provide a multidimensional view across five facets (student/teacher perspective; time; culture; teaching delivery method; and class size). Thematic analysis supported a re-conceptualisation of the model. Using economics as an exemplar, the research indicated that the OMP supports learning and teaching via the three core constructs (Connections; Functionings; and Environmental Context), which are all influenced by a number of identified and distinguishable sub-constructs.

The identification of the importance of the Environmental Context was a novel finding, as were two of its distinguishable sub-constructs. First, cultural differences can impact the perceived effectiveness of the OMP and therefore they should be accounted for in the design and implementation phase. Second, there are potential additional benefits to the OMP when used in an online environment. These findings take on greater significance in a post-pandemic world where inevitably more teaching will be delivered virtually.