Individualized Training of Back Muscles Using Iterative Learning Control of a Compliant Balance Board.

Here we present the GyroTrainer, a bespoke mechatronic balance board system designed to trigger activation of the back muscles while the user engages in a balance-challenging game. The GyroTrainer uses admittance control coupled with an iterative learning approach so as to tailor the admittance control parameters, i.e. difficulty level, according to the user's skill. Our experimental evaluation demonstrated that an individualized admittance control stiffness could be identified for each user, which corresponds with a desired level of difficulty and increased back muscle activity. A first game implementation demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the GyroTrainer system and the individually identified admittance control stiffness for gamification of back muscle training.