Reza Khaltabadi Farahani, Mina Ebrahimi-Rad, Nader Shahrokhi, Amir Hossien Khaltabadi Farahani, Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Maryam Rezaei, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Parastoo Ehsani
{"title":"Gallinarum沙门氏菌抗生素耐药性和生物膜形成的高患病率。","authors":"Reza Khaltabadi Farahani, Mina Ebrahimi-Rad, Nader Shahrokhi, Amir Hossien Khaltabadi Farahani, Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Maryam Rezaei, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Parastoo Ehsani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty isolates of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to Multiplex PCR for <i>ratA, SteB</i>, and <i>rhs</i> genes, all 60 <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes <i>IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA</i>, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA48</sub>, and <i>qnrA</i>. On the other hand, they expressed <i>GES</i> (85%), <i>qnrB</i> (75%), <i>Fox M</i> (70%), <i>SHV</i> (60%), <i>CITM</i> (20%), <i>KPC</i> (15%), <i>FOX</i> (10%), <i>MOXM</i> (5%), and <i>qnrS</i> (5%). All <i>S.</i> Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed <i>sdiA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating <i>S. gallinarum</i> biovars are multidrug-resistant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628085/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum.\",\"authors\":\"Reza Khaltabadi Farahani, Mina Ebrahimi-Rad, Nader Shahrokhi, Amir Hossien Khaltabadi Farahani, Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Maryam Rezaei, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Parastoo Ehsani\",\"doi\":\"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty isolates of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to Multiplex PCR for <i>ratA, SteB</i>, and <i>rhs</i> genes, all 60 <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes <i>IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA</i>, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA48</sub>, and <i>qnrA</i>. On the other hand, they expressed <i>GES</i> (85%), <i>qnrB</i> (75%), <i>Fox M</i> (70%), <i>SHV</i> (60%), <i>CITM</i> (20%), <i>KPC</i> (15%), <i>FOX</i> (10%), <i>MOXM</i> (5%), and <i>qnrS</i> (5%). All <i>S.</i> Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed <i>sdiA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating <i>S. gallinarum</i> biovars are multidrug-resistant.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14633,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Iranian Journal of Microbiology\",\"volume\":\"15 5\",\"pages\":\"631-641\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628085/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Iranian Journal of Microbiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Salmonella Gallinarum.
Background and objectives: Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. Salmonella Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the S. Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the S. Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran.
Materials and methods: Sixty isolates of S. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: According to Multiplex PCR for ratA, SteB, and rhs genes, all 60 S. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA, blaOXA48, and qnrA. On the other hand, they expressed GES (85%), qnrB (75%), Fox M (70%), SHV (60%), CITM (20%), KPC (15%), FOX (10%), MOXM (5%), and qnrS (5%). All S. Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed sdiA gene.
Conclusion: Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating S. gallinarum biovars are multidrug-resistant.
期刊介绍：
The Iranian Journal of Microbiology (IJM) is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that provides rapid publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of basic and applied research on bacteria and other micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, microalgae, and protozoa concerning the development of tools for diagnosis and disease control, epidemiology, antimicrobial agents, clinical microbiology, immunology, Genetics, Genomics and Molecular Biology. Contributions may be in the form of original research papers, review articles, short communications, case reports, technical reports, and letters to the Editor. Research findings must be novel and the original data must be available for review by the Editors, if necessary. Studies that are preliminary, of weak originality or merely descriptive as well as negative results are not appropriate for the journal. Papers considered for publication must be unpublished work (except in an abstract form) that is not under consideration for publication anywhere else, and all co-authors should have agreed to the submission. Manuscripts should be written in English.
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