Bioactive peptides PDBSN improve mitochondrial function and suppression the oxidative stress in human adiposity cells.

Mitochondria are essential for generating cellular energy and are significant in the pathogenesis of obesity. Human visceral and subcutaneous preadipocytes (HPA-v and HPA-s) were cultured into mature adipocytes. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was assessed using oil-red O staining and tissue triglyceride determination. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured with fluorescent indicators. Gene and protein expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Morphological changes were observed via electron microscopy. Results show that PDBSN significantly increased MMP while decreasing TG and ROS levels. The transcription and protein levels of PGC1-α and MTFA were upregulated, and mitochondrial fusion and fission markers (MFN1, MFN2, NRF1, DRP1) were elevated. Additionally, PDBSN enhanced maximum respiratory capacity and reduced ROS. These findings suggest that PDBSN improves mitochondrial function, providing insights for obesity treatment and metabolic disease management.