神经调控:多巴胺、视黄酸、一氧化氮和其他物质对视网膜水平细胞的作用。

IF 3.1 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2023-10-31 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.2147/EB.S420050
Douglas G McMahon, John E Dowling
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管神经元的兴奋和抑制是众所周知的,但很明显,对神经元及其突触的神经调节影响在塑造大脑中的神经活动中发挥着重要作用。记忆和学习、情绪和其他复杂行为,以及认知障碍都与神经调节机制有关。许多神经活性物质,包括多巴胺和神经肽等单胺类物质,已被证明起到神经调节剂的作用,但其他被认为在身体和大脑中起着非常不同作用的物质起到神经调制器的作用,如视黄酸。我们对神经调节物质如何发挥作用仍然知之甚少,目前的综述主要集中在多巴胺和维甲酸这两种物质如何发挥其作用。重点是潜在的神经调节机制,一直到分子水平,使二阶双极细胞和视网膜的输出神经元神经节细胞能够对不同的环境(即照明)条件做出反应。所描述的调节影响视网膜外层的一个简单回路,涉及几种神经活性物质,而且令人惊讶地复杂,还没有完全理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Neuromodulation: Actions of Dopamine, Retinoic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Other Substances on Retinal Horizontal Cells.

Neuromodulation: Actions of Dopamine, Retinoic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Other Substances on Retinal Horizontal Cells.

Neuromodulation: Actions of Dopamine, Retinoic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Other Substances on Retinal Horizontal Cells.

Neuromodulation: Actions of Dopamine, Retinoic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Other Substances on Retinal Horizontal Cells.

Whereas excitation and inhibition of neurons are well understood, it is clear that neuromodulatory influences on neurons and their synapses play a major role in shaping neural activity in the brain. Memory and learning, emotional and other complex behaviors, as well as cognitive disorders have all been related to neuromodulatory mechanisms. A number of neuroactive substances including monoamines such as dopamine and neuropeptides have been shown to act as neuromodulators, but other substances thought to play very different roles in the body and brain act as neuromodulators, such as retinoic acid. We still understand little about how neuromodulatory substances exert their effects, and the present review focuses on how two such substances, dopamine and retinoic acid, exert their effects. The emphasis is on the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms down to the molecular level that allow the second order bipolar cells and the output neurons of the retina, the ganglion cells, to respond to different environmental (ie lighting) conditions. The modulation described affects a simple circuit in the outer retina, involves several neuroactive substances and is surprisingly complex and not fully understood.

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来源期刊
Eye and Brain
Eye and Brain OPHTHALMOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
2.30%
发文量
12
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Eye and Brain is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on basic research, clinical findings, and expert reviews in the field of visual science and neuro-ophthalmology. The journal’s unique focus is the link between two well-known visual centres, the eye and the brain, with an emphasis on the importance of such connections. All aspects of clinical and especially basic research on the visual system are addressed within the journal as well as significant future directions in vision research and therapeutic measures. This unique journal focuses on neurological aspects of vision – both physiological and pathological. The scope of the journal spans from the cornea to the associational visual cortex and all the visual centers in between. Topics range from basic biological mechanisms to therapeutic treatment, from simple organisms to humans, and utilizing techniques from molecular biology to behavior. The journal especially welcomes primary research articles or review papers that make the connection between the eye and the brain. Specific areas covered in the journal include: Physiology and pathophysiology of visual centers, Eye movement disorders and strabismus, Cellular, biochemical, and molecular features of the visual system, Structural and functional organization of the eye and of the visual cortex, Metabolic demands of the visual system, Diseases and disorders with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, Clinical and experimental neuro-ophthalmology and visual system pathologies, Epidemiological studies.
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