反思生命的新定义。

IF 2.1 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Jaime Gómez-Márquez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

什么是生活?人们提出了多种定义来回答这个问题,但不幸的是,没有一种定义能达成科学界的共识。在这里定义生命是什么的策略是基于首先确定所有生命系统的共同特征(有机性质、熵产生系统、自组织、可重新工作的预编程、互动和适应能力、繁殖和进化),并从中构建定义,考虑到繁殖和进化对生命来说并不重要。在此基础上,生命被定义为发生在熵产生、适应性和信息(有机)系统中的互动过程。系统(生命)和过程(生命)之间不可分割的二元性的一个不可预见的后果是,定义的元素可以互换,以获得其他同样有效的替代品。此外,根据这一定义,分析了暂时没有生命的生命系统(病毒、休眠种子和超冷细胞)的情况,以及人工生命实体的状态和地外生命的假设性质。所有的生命系统都是易腐的,因为时间的流逝会导致熵的增加。生命必须通过不断产生无序并将其输出到环境中来创造秩序,因此,由于外部能量的输入,我们在秩序和混乱之间的相变中移动和停留,远离平衡。然而,时间的流逝最终会导致我们走向生命消失、熵增加的结局。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Reflections upon a new definition of life

Reflections upon a new definition of life

What is life? Multiple definitions have been proposed to answer this question, but unfortunately, none of them has reached the consensus of the scientific community. Here, the strategy used to define what life is was based on first establishing which characteristics are common to all living systems (organic nature, entropy-producing system, self-organizing, reworkable pre-program, capacity to interact and adapt, reproduction and evolution) and from them constructing the definition taking into account that reproduction and evolution are not essential for life. On this basis, life is defined as an interactive process occurring in entropy-producing, adaptive, and informative (organic) systems. An unforeseen consequence of the inseparable duality between the system (living being) and the process (life) is the interchangeability of the elements of the definition to obtain other equally valid alternatives. In addition, in the light of this definition, cases of temporarily lifeless living systems (viruses, dormant seeds, and ultracold cells) are analyzed, as well as the status of artificial life entities and the hypothetical nature of extraterrestrial life. All living systems are perishable because the passage of time leads to increasing entropy. Life must create order by continuously producing disorder and exporting it to the environment and so we move and stay in the phase transition between order and chaos, far from equilibrium, thanks to the input of energy from the outside. However, the passage of time eventually leads us to an end in which life disappears and entropy increases.

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来源期刊
The Science of Nature
The Science of Nature 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
47
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Science of Nature - Naturwissenschaften - is Springer''s flagship multidisciplinary science journal. The journal is dedicated to the fast publication and global dissemination of high-quality research and invites papers, which are of interest to the broader community in the biological sciences. Contributions from the chemical, geological, and physical sciences are welcome if contributing to questions of general biological significance. Particularly welcomed are contributions that bridge between traditionally isolated areas and attempt to increase the conceptual understanding of systems and processes that demand an interdisciplinary approach.
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