小的选择很重要。不对称优势效应知识综述

Q3 Social Sciences
Decyzje Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.7206/DEC.1733-0092.123
M. Kościelniak, T. Tyszka
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对非对称优势效应(吸引效应、诱饵效应)的研究成果进行了综述。这是一种现象,当一个决策选择伴随着一个类似但较差(主导)的选择时,其中一个决策选择的受欢迎程度会增加。科学研究和大量观察研究表明,吸引效应发生在各个领域,包括经济、政治、法律或医学。在文献中有许多模棱两可和相互矛盾的理论,例如,根据双系统理论,它的决定因素。目前还不完全清楚,这种不对称支配现象是一种深思熟虑的信息处理方式的结果,还是一种快速直觉思维的结果。对于这种影响是人类非理性的表现,还是在不确定性和信息噪音的条件下,它是一种适应性和有效的决策策略,也没有明确的答案。这篇文章包含了对人类和动物之间不对称优势效应的研究的广泛概述。分析了在整个生命周期中对这种影响的易感性的变化。最后,本文讨论了利用不对称优势效应来实现自由意志家长制理论中所描述的社会期望目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nieistotne alternatywy wyboru mają znaczenie. Przegląd wiedzy o efekcie asymetrycznej dominacji
In this article we attempt to summarize the findings from a number of studies on the asymmetric dominance effect (attraction effect, decoy effect). This is a phenomenon where popularity of one of the decision alternatives increases when accompanied by a similar but inferior (dominated) option. Scientifi c research and numerous observational studies show that the attraction effect occurs in various fi elds, incl. the economy, politics, law or medicine. In the literature there are many ambiguities and contradictory theories about, for example, its determinants in the light of the dual-systems theory. It is not entirely clear whether the phenomenon of asymmetric domination is the result of a refl ective, deliberative way of information processing or of quick and intuitive thinking. There is also no unequivocal answer to the question whether this effect is a manifestation of human irrationality or whether it is an adaptive and effective decision-making strategy in conditions of uncertainty and information noise. The article contains a broad overview of research on the effect of asymmetric dominance among people and animals. The changes in the susceptibility to this effect across the lifespan are analysed. Finally, the paper discusses using the asymmetric dominance effect to achieve socially desirable goals as described in the theory of libertarian paternalism.
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来源期刊
Decyzje
Decyzje Social Sciences-Law
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