根据格林尼治标准时间绘制环境和气候变化图:中非赞比亚的一个案例

Polina Lemenkova
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引用次数: 3

摘要

赞比亚最近经历了气候变化带来的几次环境威胁,如干旱、气温上升和偶尔发生的洪水,它们都通过对植物和作物生长的负面影响,影响了农业的可持续性和人们的福祉。本文旨在展示赞比亚几个气候和环境参数的变化,显示了赞比亚关键环境区域(赞比西河及其支流)、维多利亚瀑布附近的利文斯通和中部地区穆奇加山脉的不同区域的空间变化率和趋势。利用GEBCO/SRTM数据,绘制了降水量、土壤湿度、Palmer干旱严重程度指数(PDSI)、地表向下短波辐射、水汽压差和异常、潜在和实际蒸散发和风速与海拔高度地形分布的关系,绘制了一系列10幅图。根据指数值,PDSI的数据范围最小为-5.7,最大值为16.6,平均值为7.169,标准差为4.278。PDSI是定量长期干旱的有效指标。由于PDSI指数采用温度数据和水分平衡模型,因此它通过与潜在蒸散量的相关性来反映气候变暖对干旱的影响。赞比亚土壤湿度最大值最小为1 mm/m,最大值为413 mm/m,平均值为173 mm/m。这项研究在技术上是基于使用通用映射工具(GMT)作为制图脚本工具集。本文通过提出一系列有利于赞比亚农业制图的气候和环境地图,为赞比亚的环境监测做出了贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mapping environmental and climate variations by GMT: A case of Zambia, Central Africa
Zambia recently experienced several environmental threats from climate change such as droughts, temperature rise and occasional flooding and they all affect agricultural sustainability and people wellbeing through negative effects on plants and growing crops. This paper is aimed at showing variations in several climate and environmental parameters in Zambia showing spatial variability and trends in different regions of Zambia's key environmental areas (Zambezi River and tributaries), Livingstone near the Victoria Falls and central region with Muchinga Mountains. A series of 10 maps was plotted using data from TerraClimate dataset: precipitation, soil moisture, Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), downward surface shortwave radiation, vapor pressure deficit and anomalies, potential and actual evapotranspiration and wind speed with relation to the topographic distribution of elevations in Zambia plotted using GEBCO/SRTM data. The data range of the PDSI according to the index values ranged from minimum at -5.7 to the maximum at 16.6 and mean at 7.169, with standard deviation at 4.278. The PDSI is effective in quantifying drought in long-term period. Because PDSI index applies temperature data and water balance model, it indicates the effect of climate warming on drought by correlation with potential evapotranspiration. The maximum values for soil moisture of Zambia show minimum at 1 mm/m, maximum at 413 mm/m, mean at 173 mm/m. This study is technically based on using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) as cartographic scripting toolset. The paper contributes to the environmental monitoring of Zambia by presenting a series of climate and environmental maps that are beneficial for agricultural mapping of Zambia.
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