文化基因转化文化的进化解释模型

IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIAL ISSUES
Hangoo Lee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文试图通过文化基因的演化来解释文化转型是如何发生的。这种解释认为,正如有机体的进化发生在基因水平上一样,文化的转变也是如此。因此,本文必须回答以下四个问题:1)是否存在与生物基因相对应的文化基因?2)我们如何证明这种文化基因的基本特征是自我复制?3)最近文明融合的加剧是否会导致文化基因的更多变异?4)生物基因和文化基因之间有什么关系?一种新的基因:文化基因文化的最大区别在于,它不是通过生物基因,而是通过社会学习在个体之间传播。文化可以被定义为作为学习对象的信息系统。“文化是一种能够影响个体表型的信息,这种信息是个体通过教学或模仿从其他同类中获得的”(Shennan 2002: 37)。作为解释文化演变的一种手段,理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)创造了“模因”(meme)一词,这是希腊语中模仿的缩写,“mimēma”,表示作为文化信息复制而运作的传播文化内容单位(Dawkins 1976: 192)。苏珊·布莱克莫尔也极大地扩展了这一理论
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An Evolutionary Explanation Model on the Transformation of Culture by Cultural Genes
This article seeks to explain how cultural transformation takes place through the evolution of cultural genes. This explanation posits that just as the evolution of an organism takes place at the genetic level, so also does the transformation of culture. As such, this paper must answer the four following questions: 1) Are there cultural genes that correspond to biological genes? 2) How can we prove that the fundamental characteristic of such cultural genes is to replicate themselves? 3) Will the recent intensified fusion of civilization lead to more variations of cultural genes? 4) What relationship is there between biological and cultural genes? A NEW GENE: THE CULTURAL GENE The greatest distinction of culture is that it is propagated from individual to individual not through biological genes, but rather through social learning. Cultures may be defined as systems of information which are objects of learning. ‘Culture is information capable of affecting individuals' phenotypes which they acquire from other conspecifics by teaching or imitation’ (Shennan 2002: 37). As a means of explaining the evolution of culture, Richard Dawkins coined the term ‘meme’, an abbreviation of the Greek word for an imitation, ‘mimēma’, to denote a unit of transmitted cultural content that operates as a replication of cultural information (Dawkins 1976: 192). Susan Blackmore has also greatly expanded the theory
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
33.30%
发文量
8
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