解除管制的航空市场中的公司间竞争和公司特有的价格弹性。

IF 0.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 ECONOMICS
T. Oum, A. Zhang, Yiming Zhang
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引用次数: 205

摘要

自1978年放松管制以来,美国航空业经历了重大的结构性变化。一系列的合并和枢纽辐射型网络的发展提高了主要机场和行业层面的市场集中度。该行业仍在整合中。分析人士对少数几家航空公司日益增强的市场力量表示担忧,尤其是在与主要枢纽机场相连的航线市场。有明确的证据表明,美国主要航空公司试图通过以下方式巩固自己的市场力量:强化枢纽辐状网络,向旅行社提供佣金优惠(一种奖励将大部分业务导向航空公司的代理商的系统),使用熟练的动态定价和座位分配技术(科学收益管理),以及奖励品牌忠诚客户的常旅客奖励计划。大量航线由三家或更少的航空公司提供服务,表明少数寡头垄断是该行业的主导市场结构,特别是在直接连接主要枢纽的航线上。此外,最近的证据表明,枢纽机场的主要航空公司对当地交通的平均票价高于其竞争对手(见Borenstein, 1989,1990;and Berry, 1992)。这表明理解航空公司之间的竞争互动的重要性,以便解释他们的定价行为和服务于同一航线市场的航空公司之间的价格差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
INTER-FIRM RIVALRY AND FIRM-SPECIFIC PRICE ELASTICITIES IN DEREGULATED AIRLINE MARKETS.
Since deregulation in 1978 the US airline industry has undergone major structural changes. A series of mergers and hub-and-spoke network development have increased market concentration at major airports as well as at industry level. The industry is still being consolidated. Analysts express concern regarding the increasing market power of a few airlines, especially in route markets connected to major hub airports. There is clear evidence that major US airlines attempt to solidify their market power by intensif ying hub and-spoke networks, offering commission overrides to travel agents (a system that rewards agents for directing a high proportion of their business to an airline), using skilful dynamic pricing and seat allocation techniques (scientific yield management) and frequent-flyer bonus programmes for rewarding brand-loyal customers. A large number of routes are served by three or fewer airlines, indicating that a small numbers oligopoly is the dominant market structure in the industry, particularly on the routes directly connected to major hubs. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that dominant airlines at hub airports have sustained higher average fares for the local traffic than their competitors (see Borenstein,1989, 1990; and Berry, 1992). This suggests the importance of understanding competitive interaction among airlines in order to explain their pricing behaviour and price differentials between airlines serving the same route markets.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Journal of Transport, Economics and Policy (JTEP) was first published over 40 years ago and quickly established itself as an essential source of information and debate on the economics of transport and its interface with transport policy. Today it continues to provide a much-needed focus for this specific area of transport research ­ a single, accessible resource of international articles which also reflect the diverse nature of the current field. JTEP meets the challenge of innovation and change, regularly publishing the latest policy developments and their impact across the world.
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