欧尔班政府的法律保守意识形态是欧盟与匈牙利系统性冲突的主要原因

IF 6.3 2区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
D. Tkach
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引用次数: 0

摘要

始于2022年2月24日的乌俄战争加速了乌克兰成为欧盟成员国的进程。最近几个月,基辅向加入欧盟又迈进了一步。当然,成为欧共体正式成员的道路是漫长而艰难的。但是,今天我们必须认识到,当乌克兰获得这一地位时,它将面临什么样的困难和问题。因此,研究自2004年以来加入欧盟和北约的邻国的经验,对乌克兰的内政和外交政策都极为重要和相关。本文的目的是分析匈牙利在欧盟内部的经验,以及在匈牙利加入欧盟的这些年里,布达佩斯和布鲁塞尔之间出现的问题和矛盾。找出欧盟与匈牙利之间冲突的原因也很重要,以便乌克兰社会和政府今天已经做好准备,防止匈牙利的错误再次发生。本文通过分析欧尔班政府的右翼保守意识形态对匈牙利与欧盟关系的影响,发现这是导致党派间不时出现尖锐冲突的主要原因。以自由主义为主要意识形态的欧盟绝对不能接受《匈牙利基本法》规定一个宗教在该国占主导地位,不能接受居住在国外的匈牙利少数民族有要求集体权利的特权,不能容忍同性婚姻,不能接受对堕胎权利的怀疑。调查还发现,自2010年以来,匈牙利一直处于国民议会宪法多数的独裁统治之下,这使得维克托·欧尔班(Viktor Orban)政府可以通过任何法律,支持他在该国建立非自由民主的路线。可以肯定的是,尽管布鲁塞尔对匈牙利政府联盟的政策提出了尖锐的批评,但布达佩斯继续奉行其加强民主治理和公共部门改革的政策,以实现中央集权,回归匈牙利国家的保守传统,削弱民主治理,加强威权主义趋势。所有这些导致了欧盟对匈牙利的制裁,包括削减某些项目的资金,对欧盟领导人的尖锐批评,甚至威胁要终止其在该组织的成员资格。作者采用了以下方法编写文章:结构和功能;冲突理论;行为主义;历史;非正式(传统)文档分析。由于乌克兰未来将加入欧盟,对这一主题的进一步研究是有希望的。从实际的角度来看,本文可以用于目前正在为乌克兰融入欧盟而工作的政府机构的活动,以及乌克兰外交部负责乌克兰与匈牙利关系进一步发展的单位
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Law-Conservative Ideology of Orban’s Government the Main Reason for the Systemic Conflict between the EU and Hungary
The Ukrainian-Russian war, which began on February 24, 2022, accelerated Ukraine’s process of becoming a member of the European Union. In recent months Kyiv approached one step closer to the EU membership. Of course, the path to full membership into the European Community is long and thorny. But today we must be aware of what difficulties and problems await Ukraine when it acquires this status. Therefore, the task of studying the experience of our neighbours, who have been within the EU and NATO since 2004, is extremely important and relevant for both domestic and foreign policy of Ukraine.The aim of the article is to analyze the experience of Hungary within the European Union and the problems and contradictions that have arisen between Budapest and Brussels during the years of Hungarian membership. It is also important to find out the causes of the conflict between the EU and Hungary in order to prepare the Ukrainian society and the government already today to prevent the recurrence of Hungarian mistakes. As a result of the analysis in this article of the influence of the rightwing conservative ideology of Viktor Orban`s government on Hungary’s relations with the EU, it was found, that this is the main cause of acute conflicts that arise from time to time between the parties. The European Union, whose main ideology is liberalism, absolutely does not accept the enshrinement in the Hungarian Fundamental Law that one religion is dominant in the country, the prerogative of the Hungarian national minority living abroad to demand collective rights, intolerance of same-sex marriages and doubts about the rights on abortion. It was also found that Hungary has had a dictatorship of the constitutional majority in the National Assembly since 2010, which allows Viktor Orban`s government to pass any laws in support of his course to establish illiberal democracy in the country. It is confirmed that despite sharp criticism from Brussels of the Hungarian government coalition’s policy, Budapest continues to pursue its policy of strengthening the governance of democracy and public sector reform towards centralization, returning to the conservative traditions of the Hungarian state, curtailing democratic governance and strengthening authoritarian trends. All this has led to the imposition of the EU sanctions on Hungary in the form of cuts in funding for certain programs, sharp criticism of the EU leaders, and even threats to terminate membership in the organization. The author used the following methods preparing the article: structural and functional; conflict theory; behaviorism; historical; informal (traditional) document analysis. Further research on this topic is promising due to Ukraine’s future membership in the EU. From a practical point of view, this article can be used in the activities of those government agencies that are currently working on Ukraine’s European integration into the EU, as well as units of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, which take care of further development of Ukrainian-Hungarian relations
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来源期刊
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Affairs INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
期刊介绍: Founded in 1922, Foreign Affairs is a prominent American magazine that focuses on international relations and U.S. foreign policy. It is published by the Council on Foreign Relations, an esteemed nonpartisan think tank and membership organization dedicated to analyzing U.S. foreign policy and global affairs. While the print magazine is released every two months, the website offers daily articles and publishes anthologies every other month.
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