从生产牛群中剔除牛的原因

A. Kraevsky, O. Chekan, N. Grebenik, Y. Musienko, M. Travetsky, V. Dopa, V. Kasyanenko, A. Lazorenko
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摘要

这篇文章提供了原因和过早宰杀奶牛的数据。奶牛的异常活动是奶牛生产力的问题,这对畜牧场的牛奶生产效率有很大影响。首先,其他病理过程在体内表现的次数和强度提高牛奶的质量(等级、细菌污染等)。在个别经济和整个工业的经济状况中,下一个因素是生产周期的长度。过早扑杀奶牛会造成饲料使用效率低下造成的损害、非生产时期(从出生到产犊1次)的成本、犊牛供应不足造成的损失以及往往丧失牲畜的育种价值。这项工作的目的是确定扑杀奶牛的原因,这影响了企业的效率,特别是在4-6岁(3-5哺乳期)。同时,我们使用了Astarta-Kiev农业控股的Uniform-Agri会计程序的数据,采用统计研究方法,并使用Microsoft Excel 2016电子表格处理器对获得的数据进行处理。研究发现,在2017-2019年期间。退休奶牛47,282头(16538头),约占种畜总数的35.0%,其中第一次泌乳的退休奶牛最多,为4602头,占27.8%。在37.1%的病例中,诊断出了产科和妇科疾病以及乳腺病理状况。同时,24.5%的被扑杀奶牛被诊断为手术病理。此外,20.8%的奶牛因代谢紊乱而退出,因为违反了饲养和喂养参数。下一步是确定因产科(23.9%)、妇科(49.0%)、外科(59.1%)病理和乳腺疾病(27.7%)而扑杀奶牛的比例。同样重要的是,30%被淘汰的奶牛被诊断为浸渍和胎儿木乃伊化或普通流产。值得注意的是,绝大多数动物同时有产科、妇科和外科病理。按年龄分,第1次泌乳后扑杀率为31.9%,第2次泌乳后扑杀率为12.6%,第3、4、5次及以上扑杀率分别为3.0%。关键词:奶牛,扑杀,产科,妇科,外科病理学。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Reasons for culling cows from a productive herd
The article provides data on the causes and premature culling of cows. Extraordinary activities are a matter of productivity of cows, which significantly affect the efficiency of milk production in livestock farms. First of all, the number and intensity of manifestations of other pathological processes in the body to enhance the quality of milk (grade, bacterial contamination, etc.). The next factor in the economic condition of both an individual economy and the industry as a whole is the length of the productive period. Premature culling of cows entails damage from inefficient use of feed, costs for the unproductive period (from birth to 1 calving), losses from undersupply of calves and often loss of breeding value of the livestock. The aim of the work was to establish the reasons for the culling of cows, which affects the efficiency of the enterprise, especially at the age of 4-6 years (3-5 lactations). At the same time, we used the data of the Uniform-Agri accounting program of the Astarta-Kiev agricultural holding, statistical research methods, and the processing of the data obtained was carried out using a Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet processor. It was found that during 2017-2019. out of 47,282 16538 head retired, which amounted to about 35.0% of the total breeding stock, the largest number of retired cows was observed in the first lactation - 4602, which is 27.8%. In 37.1% of cases, obstetric and gynecological diseases and pathological conditions of the mammary gland were diagnosed. At the same time, 24.5% of culled cows were diagnosed with surgical pathology. In addition, 20.8% of cows dropped out due to metabolic disorders, due to violations of the parameters of keeping and feeding. The next step was to determine the proportion of cow culling due to obstetric (23.9%), gynecological (49.0%), surgical (59.1%) pathology and breast diseases (27.7%). It was also important that 30% of the culled cows had a diagnosis of maceration and mummification of the fetus or ordinary abortion. It should be noted that the vast majority of animals had obstetric, gynecological and surgical pathology at the same time. The culling of animals by age was: after the 1st lactation 31.9%, the 2nd lactation decreased by 12.6 %, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th and more lactations, respectively, by 3.0%. 2.9 and 4.3% Key words: cow, culling, obstetric, gynecological, surgical pathology.
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