Prevalence of Pre-Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in the Province of Trento-North Italy: Trend 2012-2019

Introduction: Pre-Pregnancy Diabetes (PPD) affects 03-05/100 and Gestational Diabetes (GDM) affects 7/100 pregnancies. The prevalence estimates show, for both conditions, a wide range of variability in relation to the characteristics of the populations and the diagnostic criteria used. In recent years there has been a significant increase in pregnancies in women with both type 1 and type 2 PPD. Similar increases are also reported for the GDM. The study reports the trend of the prevalence of PPD and GDM in pregnant women assisted at the maternity units of the province of Trento (North East Italy) from 2012 to 2019. Material and Methods: The criteria for monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy are based on the recommendations by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. The glycemic monitoring data are recorded in the province of Trento, on the personal obstetric guide of each pregnant woman, which is updated on the occasion of periodic checks and therefore in all pregnant women on the occasion of registration of data in the Birth Attendance Certificate (BAC) on a specific computer support operating at each maternity unit. The cases recorded in the BAC were compared with those collected by the provincial register of type 1 diabetes mellitus and with the hospital discharge archive. Based on the integrated data, the birth cohorts 2012-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The temporal trend of the prevalence of PPD and GDM was calculated, considering the citizenship, the age group and the educational qualification of the pregnant women. Prevalence estimates are provided by 95% confidence intervals Results: Between 01.01.2012 and 12.31.2019, 33,577 pregnant women received care at hospital maternity units of the province of Trento. 158 cases of PPD (20 cases per year) and 1,950 cases of GDM (244 cases per year) were recorded. 1 case of GDM and one case of PDD had escaped the BAC. The mean period prevalence for PPD in all pregnant women is 0.44/100 (95% CI 0.37-0.50), in Italian women is 0.39/100 (95% CI 0, 31-0.46) while in foreign women it is 0.57/100 (95% CI 0.42-0.72). The average period prevalence of GDM for all pregnant women is 5.5/100 (95% CI 5.27-7.73), in Italian women is 4.3/100 (95% CI 4.064.54), while in foreign women it is 8.8/100 (95% CI 8.23-9.37). The prevalence of PPD overall shows a slight increase over time, this appears substantially stable in the Italians and increasing in the foreigners. In the case of the GDM, there is an increase over time in both population groups, greater in foreigners than in Italians. The prevalence of PPD and GDM in foreign women is higher than in Italian women. Women coming from African and Asian countries show the highest values. The prevalence of PPD and GDM grows linearly with age and with the reduction in the level of education of women. Discussion: The information flow of the BAC, as organized in the province of Trento, can be considered a reliable source in the recovery and registration of the frequency of PPD and GDM. The prevalence estimates of PPD and GDM reported in the present study increase over the course of subsequent birth cohorts, in agreement with what is reported in the international literature. Overall, for both forms of diabetes, we report in the period under study a prevalence of about 6/100 pregnancies. The increase of prevalence according to the birth cohorts is evident above all in foreigners. Foreign women, especially from Asia and Africa and women with childbirth age over 35, and with low educational qualifications represent a significant share of PPD and GDM cases and therefore of subpopulations at greater risk to be considered as a priority in public health action. Citation: Piffer S, Rizzello R, Massimo O, Francesca Z (2021) Prevalence of Pre-Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in the Province of Trento-North Italy: Trend 20122019. J Preg Child Health 04: 117. DOI: 10.29011/JPCH-117.100017 2 Volume 04; Issue 01