民族志地图集XXX:西伯利亚民族

Ethnology Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI:10.2307/3773857
Andrey Korotayev, A. Kazankov, S. Borinskaya, D. Khaltourina, D. Bondarenko
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Irrespective of their certain undeniable merits, in no way the respective databases could be treated as genuine substitutes for the Ethnographic Atlas. Hence, no other event affected the development of worldwide cross-cultural research so negatively as the virtual termination, in 1980, of all new work on the Ethnographic Atlas. Not a single case has been added to the 1267 cases that had been accumulated by that time, even though the project was very far from completion (e.g. in the version available now one would not find any information on hundreds of ethnographically well-described cultures, first of all of Eurasia). Thus, the revival of work on the Ethnographic Atlas should be regarded as the most pressing current task of the worldwide cross-cultural researchers. Therefore, this paper should also be regarded as an invitation to our colleagues to think about the practical ways to resume this. 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引用次数: 20

摘要

《民族学》杂志开展的最著名和最重要的事业之一是出版乔治·彼得·默多克的《民族志地图集》。这从1962年《民族学》的第一期开始,作为一系列的分期付款。《民族学》每年都有分期出版,第6卷第6期。第2期(1967年)发表了对862种描述较好的文化的摘要(在前几期中已经有描述)。同年,匹兹堡大学出版社出版了《民族志地图集》的摘要卷(Murdock 1967)。《地图集》继续在《民族学》上分期出版,直到1971年。最后一期(no。29)出版于1980年(Barry 1980)。《民族志地图集》共有29期,包含了世界上1267种文化的正式信息。目前还没有关于所有这些社会的资料摘要。然而,这些数据以电子形式提供(Murdock et al. 1999)。(出版人种学地图集的完整印刷版本,特别是带有地图的版本,将是非常可取的。)自1967年出版摘要卷以来,《民族志地图集》已成为世界上最大的(按正式描述的文化数量计算)和使用最广泛的民族志数据库。在此背景下,本文的前两位作者写道:[W]我们相信默多克的民族志地图集数据库不可或缺的重要性。“代表性”样本(如标准跨文化样本,或HRAF 60文化概率样本)在很大程度上应该被视为有缺陷的,因为在大多数情况下,它们无法研究第二种类型的社会文化规律[即仅在特定类型的文化中观察到]。尽管各自的数据库具有某些不可否认的优点,但它们绝不可能被视为民族志地图集的真正替代品。因此,没有任何其他事件对全球跨文化研究的发展产生如此负面的影响,因为1980年人种学地图集的所有新工作实际上都终止了。当时已经积累了1267个案例,尽管这个项目还远未完成(例如,在现在可用的版本中,人们找不到任何关于数百个民族学上描述良好的文化的信息,首先是欧亚大陆),但没有一个案例被添加到当时的1267个案例中。因此,民族志地图集的复兴应被视为当今世界跨文化研究者最紧迫的任务。因此,这篇文章也应该被看作是对我们的同事的一个邀请,去思考恢复这一制度的切实可行的方法。(科罗塔耶夫和卡赞科夫2003:50-51)我们的呼吁使这方面的工作得以恢复,我们在本出版物中介绍了第一批成果。目前形式的民族志地图集最明显的缺陷之一是对前苏联文化的代表性不足。原因非常清楚。绝大多数关于这个地区的民族志描述仍然只有俄文,这给默多克带来了巨大的问题,他只有在可以安排翻译时才会使用俄文资料,而他无法系统地进行翻译。因此,将填补这一空白视为俄罗斯人类学家的一项义务似乎是恰当的。在民族志地图集的当前部分中,我们提供了10个西伯利亚民族的正式数据(遵循Murdock的计划),这些民族没有被任何以前的民族志地图集覆盖。所审查的民族属于以下文化块-乌拉尔:芬兰-乌克兰(曼西[Ec15])和萨摩亚/萨摩耶德(恩加纳桑[Ec12]);Eskaleut (Ungazikmit [Ec14]);楚科奇-堪察加(Itelmen [Ec13]);通古斯满族(鄂温克人[Ec16]、尼吉达尔人[Ec17]、乌尔奇人[Ec18]、奥洛克人[Ec19]、奥洛克人[Ec20]和乌底河人[Ec21])。...
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ethnographic Atlas XXX: Peoples of Siberia
One of the most famous and important enterprises undertaken by the journal Ethnology was the publication of George Peter Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas. This started with the first issues of Ethnology in 1962 as a series of installments. Installments continued to appear in Ethnology every year, and Volume 6 no. 2 (1967) published a summary on 862 better-described cultures (already characterized in the previous installments). That same year the University of Pittsburgh Press published a summary volume of the Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock 1967). The Atlas continued to be published in Ethnology in installments until 1971. The last installment (no. 29) was published in 1980 (Barry 1980). The 29 installments of the Ethnographic Atlas contain formalized information on 1,267 cultures of the world. No summary volume containing information on all these societies has yet appeared. However, the data are available in electronic form (Murdock et al. 1999). (A publication of the complete printed version of the Ethnographic Atlas, especially with maps, would be very desirable.) Since the appearance of the summary volume in 1967, the Ethnographic Atlas has become the largest (by the number of formally described cultures) and the most widely used ethnographic database in the world. Against this background, the first two authors of this article wrote the following: [W]e believe in the indispensable importance of Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas database. The "representative" samples (like the Standard Cross-Cultural one, or the HRAF 60-culture Probability Sample) should be regarded, to a considerable extent, defective, just because in most cases they do not make it possible to study sociocultural regularities of the second type [i.e., observed within particular types of cultures only]. Irrespective of their certain undeniable merits, in no way the respective databases could be treated as genuine substitutes for the Ethnographic Atlas. Hence, no other event affected the development of worldwide cross-cultural research so negatively as the virtual termination, in 1980, of all new work on the Ethnographic Atlas. Not a single case has been added to the 1267 cases that had been accumulated by that time, even though the project was very far from completion (e.g. in the version available now one would not find any information on hundreds of ethnographically well-described cultures, first of all of Eurasia). Thus, the revival of work on the Ethnographic Atlas should be regarded as the most pressing current task of the worldwide cross-cultural researchers. Therefore, this paper should also be regarded as an invitation to our colleagues to think about the practical ways to resume this. (Korotayev and Kazankov 2003:50-51) Our appeal has resulted in the resumption of work in this direction, the first results of which we present in this publication. One of the most evident defects of the Ethnographic Atlas in its present form is the poor representation of the cultures of the former Soviet Union. The reasons for this are perfectly clear. The overwhelming majority of the ethnographic descriptions of the peoples of this part of the world are still available only in Russian, which created huge problems for Murdock, who used Russian sources only when he could arrange for their translation, which he could not do systematically. Hence, it seems appropriate to consider filling this gap as an obligation of Russian anthropologists. In the current installment of the Ethnographic Atlas we present formalized data (following Murdock's scheme) on ten Siberian peoples not covered by any of the previous installments of the Ethnographic Atlas. The reviewed peoples belong to the following cultural blocks--Uralic: Finno-Ugrian (Mansi [Ec15]) and Samodian/ Samoyed (Nganasan [Ec12]); Eskaleut (Ungazikmit [Ec14]); Chukchee-Kamchatkan (Itelmen [Ec13]); and Tungus-Manchu (Evenk [Ec16], Negidal [Ec17], Ulch [Ec18], Orok [Ec19], Oroch [Ec20], and Udihe [Ec21]). …
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