酋长联盟和国家起源

IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIAL ISSUES
D. B. Gibson
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引用次数: 14

摘要

历史上在世界各地不同地区的一些区域规模的政治制度被描述为邦联,有些,如中世纪早期的爱尔兰,被描述为酋长邦联。鉴于最近关于史前和历史上早期北美的一些复杂的政治制度是否可以被认为是酋长联盟的思考(Pauketat 2007),本文调查了历史上易洛魁联盟、中世纪早期爱尔兰、铁器时代晚期的英国、古老的博约亚、青铜器时代和铁器时代的韩国以及19 - 20世纪西部伊朗的政治制度,目的是确定酋长联盟的基本特征。随后讨论的问题是,从酋长联盟中产生的国家是否具有可归因于其起源的组织特征。酋长联盟在社会或政治人类学的文献中并没有很高的知名度,只是在历史文献中偶尔出现。这种相对的忽视是奇怪的,因为正如本调查将证明的那样,它们发生在世界上几乎每个文化区域的人群中,并且曾经遍布欧洲。很有可能,人们对酋长联盟没有给予太多关注,因为在他们存在的大多数地区,大多数联盟在出现书面文件之前就存在了,然后又衰落了。第二个可能的原因是,学者们有一个不成文的共识,即酋长联盟从未演变成早期国家,也没有在早期国家的特征上留下印记。正如这项研究有望证明的那样,事实并非如此。事实上,它将会出现
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chiefdom Confederacies and State Origins
A number of historical political systems of regional scale in varied locales across the globe have been described as confederacies, and some, such as those of Early Medieval Ireland, as chiefdom confederacies. In light of recent mulling as to whether some complex political systems of prehistoric and early historic North America could be considered to have been chiefdom confederacies (Pauketat 2007), this article surveys the political systems of the historic Iroquois league, Early Medieval Ireland, Late Iron Age Britain, Archaic Boiotia, Bronze Age and Iron Age Korea, and 19 th – 20 th century Western Iran with the objective of determining the essential characteristics of chiefdom confederacies. Subsequent discussion is given over to the question as to whether the states that arose out of chiefdom confederacies possessed organizational characteristics attributable to their origins in them. Chiefdom confederacies have not had a high profile in the literature of social or political anthropology, and only pop up from time to time in historical literature. This relative neglect is odd considering that, as this survey will demonstrate, they occurred among populations in nearly every culture area of the world, and once carpeted Europe. Quite possibly, not much attention has been lavished upon chiefdom confederacies because most came into existence and declined prior to the appearance of written documents in most regions where they existed. A second likely reason for their obscurity is due to an unspoken consensus among scholars that chiefdom confederacies never evolved into, or had an imprint upon the character of early states. As this study will hopefully demonstrate nothing could be farther from the truth. Indeed, it will emerge that
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
33.30%
发文量
8
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