自私基因或自私模因:遗传相关性与价值相似性对利他主义的影响

IF 0.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.2298/psi211107009b
A. Baucal, A. Lazić
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引用次数: 0

摘要

两个预先注册的准实验解开了自私基因和自私模因对参与者的影响。在假设的日常帮助和生死攸关的情况下,自我报告的帮助意愿。模因被操作化为参与研究的人与选定的目标人之间在重要态度和价值观上的感知相似程度,由参与者评估和报告。在研究1 (N = 761)中,兄弟姐妹的利他行为最高,其次是表兄弟姐妹和近亲;更大的模因相似性也与更大的利他主义有关;各因素间交互作用不显著。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间进行的研究2 (N = 841)中,兄弟姐妹的利他主义最高,但表兄弟姐妹和近亲的利他主义也最高;模因相似性的效应被复制;相互作用项仍然不显著。两项研究都控制了一系列人口统计和社会关系特征,表明未来接触概率和情感亲密度可能起着相关作用。我们提出,与基因自私类似,模因自私也可以带来利他主义:个体宁愿做出个人牺牲来帮助模因相似的人,而不是不相似的人,因为相似的人有更高的机会传播帮助者?模因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Selfish genes or selfish memes: The effect of genetic relatedness versus value similarity on altruism
Two preregistered quasi-experiments disentangled the effects of selfish genes and selfish memes on participants? self-reported willingness to help in hypothetical everyday-favor and life-or-death situations. Memes were operationalized as the perceived level of similarity in important attitudes and values between the person participating in the study and a selected target person, assessed and reported by the participant. In Study 1 (N = 761), altruism was highest for siblings, and then for cousins and nonkin; greater memetic similarity was also associated with greater altruism; and the interaction between the factors was not significant. In Study 2 (N = 841), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, altruism was highest for siblings, but the same for cousins and nonkin; the effect of memetic similarity was replicated; and the interaction term remained insignificant. Both studies controlled for a range of demographic and social relationship characteristics, suggesting a potentially relevant role of future contact probability and emotional closeness. We propose that, similarly to gene selfishness, meme selfishness can also bring about altruism: individuals would rather make a personal sacrifice to help memetically similar than dissimilar others because similar others have a higher chance of spreading the helper?s memes.
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来源期刊
Psihologija
Psihologija PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
20
审稿时长
24 weeks
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