新冠肺炎大流行期间,11个城市减少入住的建筑物中嗜肺军团菌的发生†

IF 3.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Katherine S. Dowdell, Hannah Greenwald Healy, Sayalee Joshi, Marianne Grimard-Conea, Sarah Pitell, Yang Song, Christian Ley, Lauren C. Kennedy, Solize Vosloo, Linxuan Huo, Sarah-Jane Haig, Kerry A. Hamilton, Kara L. Nelson, Ameet Pinto, Michèle Prévost, Caitlin R. Proctor, Lutgarde Raskin, Andrew J. Whelton, Emily Garner, Kelsey J. Pieper and William J. Rhoads
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2020年春季,为了减缓新冠肺炎的传播,许多建筑被关闭或使用率降低。这些保持社交距离措施的一个意外后果是许多建筑的用水需求减少。人们担心,与水停滞有关的污染物,如嗜肺军团菌,可能会变得普遍。为了调查与嗜肺乳杆菌相关的潜在公共健康风险,使用液体培养法(Legiolert,n=258)和基于DNA的方法(qPCR/ddPCR,n=138)对美国、加拿大和瑞士11个城市26栋减少入住率的建筑的样本进行了嗜肺乳菌分析。嗜肺乳酸杆菌培养阳性主要与五栋建筑有关,每栋建筑都有特定的设计或操作缺陷,通常与嗜肺乳酸菌的发生有关。使用游离氯残留消毒的建筑物样本的培养阳性率(37%)高于使用氯胺的建筑物样本(1%)。此外,当消毒剂残留量≤0.1 mg L−1 Cl2时,78%的培养阳性样品出现,当消毒剂残余量>;0.2 mg L−1,以Cl2形式存在。尽管使用基于培养和DNA的方法的总体样本阳性率相当(34%对35%),但在13%的样本中(n=18/138),两种方法之间存在差异。很少有建筑物报告有任何水管理活动,冲洗样本中嗜肺乳杆菌的浓度偶尔会高于首次抽取样本中的浓度。这项研究深入了解了建筑管道特性和水管理实践如何在低用水期导致嗜肺乳杆菌的发生,并可为有针对性的预防和缓解工作提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Legionella pneumophila occurrence in reduced-occupancy buildings in 11 cities during the COVID-19 pandemic†

Legionella pneumophila occurrence in reduced-occupancy buildings in 11 cities during the COVID-19 pandemic†

In spring 2020, numerous buildings were closed or operated at reduced occupancies to slow the spread of COVID-19. An unintended consequence of these social distancing measures was a reduction in water demand in many buildings. Concerns arose that contaminants associated with water stagnation, such as Legionella pneumophila, could become prevalent. To investigate the potential public health risk associated with L. pneumophila, samples from 26 reduced-occupancy buildings in 11 cities in the United States, Canada, and Switzerland were analyzed for L. pneumophila using liquid culture (Legiolert, n = 258) and DNA-based methods (qPCR/ddPCR, n = 138). L. pneumophila culture-positivity was largely associated with five buildings, each of which had specific design or operational deficiencies commonly associated with L. pneumophila occurrence. Samples from buildings with free chlorine residual disinfection had higher culture-positivity (37%) than samples from buildings with chloramine (1%). Additionally, 78% of culture-positive samples occurred when the disinfectant residual was ≤0.1 mg L−1 Cl2 and only three free chlorine samples were culture-positive when the disinfectant residual was >0.2 mg L−1 as Cl2. Although overall sample positivity using culture- and DNA-based methods was equivalent (34% vs. 35%), there was disagreement between the methods in 13% of samples (n = 18 of 138). Few buildings reported any water management activities, and L. pneumophila concentrations in flushed samples were occasionally greater than in first-draw samples. This study provides insight into how building plumbing characteristics and water management practices contribute to L. pneumophila occurrence during low water use periods and can inform targeted prevention and mitigation efforts.

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来源期刊
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL SC-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
4.00%
发文量
206
期刊介绍: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology seeks to showcase high quality research about fundamental science, innovative technologies, and management practices that promote sustainable water.
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