早期除母猪的重要健康和管理原因

IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Z. Pejsak, K. Tarasiuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

母猪和母猪的管理实践是任何生产系统繁殖和生产效率的关键因素。在波兰,每头母猪每年产活仔数和每头母猪一生产活仔数相对较低。这可能有很多原因。其中之一是不合适的奇偶分布。根据一些数据,大多数母象在第一次或第二次产胎后就被赶出了象群。因此,每头母猪一生的活产仔猪数量很少。在一些国家,每头母猪一生产窝数从3.3至5.6窝不等,断奶仔猪总数为32至73头。在不同的国家,母猪的平均寿命从467天到969天不等。不幸的是,波兰缺乏精确的数据,但未发表的数据表明,每头统计母猪的窝仔数不超过5窝,尽管在某些农场,这一参数在3到7窝之间。根据不同猪场提供的数据,早期母猪淘汰大多发生在第一次或第二次胎次之后。原因包括母猪饲养和引入母猪群的错误,马厩的适应和公猪的暴露。母猪的寿命和生产性能还取决于母猪初种时的体重和日龄、泌乳期的采食量以及妊娠期和第一次泌乳期的增重。如果得到适当的发展和管理,具有高免疫力的后备母猪将表现良好,并将在其一生中继续保持高产。否则,她将在第一次分娩时表现不佳,之后她的寿命可能很短。本文还回顾了波兰农场早期母猪扑杀的健康相关原因。最重要的是不孕症、胚胎死亡、死产、乳腺炎和MMA(乳腺炎、子宫炎、无乳),以及感染性病原体(病毒),如IAV-S、PRRSV、PCV2、PPV、ECMV、ADV、CSF,或细菌:钩端螺旋体、猪布鲁氏菌和红喉丹毒。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Important health and management reasons of early sow removal
Gilt and sow management practices are key factors for the reproduction and production efficiency of any production system. In Poland, the number of piglets born alive per sow per year and the number born alive per sow per lifetime are relatively low. This may have a number of causes. One of them is an unsuitable parity distribution. According to some data, most females are removed from the herd after the first or second parity. As a consequence, the number of piglets born alive per sow per lifetime is small. In some countries, the number of litters per sow per lifetime varies from 3.3 to 5.6, with a total number of 32 to 73 piglets weaned. The average longevity of a sow in various countries ranges from 467 to 969 days. For Poland, precise data are unfortunately lacking, but unpublished data suggest that the number of litters per statistic sow does not exceed 5, although in particular farms this parameter ranges from 3 to 7. According to data available from different farms, early sow culling takes place mostly after the first or second parity. The causes include errors in gilt’s rearing and introduction into the herd, stall acclimatization, and boar exposure. A gilt’s longevity and performance are also determined by her body weight and age at first breeding, feed intake in the lactation period, as well as body weight gained during gestation and 1st lactation. If properly developed and managed, a gilt with high immunity will perform well as a P1 and will continue to be highly productive throughout her lifetime. Otherwise, she will perform poorly in her first parity, after which her longevity is likely to be short. This paper also reviews health-related causes of early sow culling in Polish farms. The most important ones are infertility, embryonic death, stillbirth, mastitis, and MMA (mastitis, metritis, agalactia), as well as infectious pathogens (viruses), such as IAV-S, PRRSV, PCV2, PPV, ECMV, ADV, CSF, or bacteria: Leptospira spp., Brucella suis, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
73
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: "Medycyna Weterynaryjna" publishes various types of articles which are grouped in the following editorial categories: reviews, original studies, scientific and professional problems, the history of veterinary medicine, posthumous memoirs, as well as chronicles that briefly relate scientific advances and developments in the veterinary profession and medicine. The most important are the first two categories, which are published with short summaries in English. Moreover, from 2001 the editors of "Medycyna Weterynaryjna", bearing in mind market demands, has also started publishing entire works in English. Since 2008 the periodical has appeared in an electronic version. The following are available in this version: summaries of studies published from 1999 to 2005, full versions of all the studies published in the years 2006-2011 (in pdf files), and full versions of the English studies published in the current year (pdf). Only summaries of the remaining studies from the current year are available. In accordance with the principles accepted by the editors, the full versions of these texts will not be made available until next year. All articles are evaluated twice by leading Polish scientists and professionals before they are considered for publication. For years now "Medycyna Weterynaryjna" has maintained a high standard thanks to this system. The review articles are actually succinct monographs dealing with specific scientific and professional problems that are based on the most recent findings. Original works have a particular value, since they present research carried out in Polish and international scientific centers.
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