商业性工作、生存性行为、性暴力和预防艾滋病毒/艾滋病在坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙地区阿鲁梅鲁地区。

A. Renzaho, M. Pallotta-Chiarolli
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引用次数: 15

摘要

目的:调查坦桑尼亚女性商业性工作者(CSWs)关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病的知识和实践,并评估防止安全性行为的背景动态。方法:采用混合方法,分两阶段进行。第一阶段评估社工对爱滋病的认识和做法。数据由54名CSWs获得,他们是通过滚雪球抽样方法选择的。与社会福利工作者进行了半结构化的面对面访谈,让研究参与者描述和讨论他们对生活现实的感知和体验。在第二阶段,与第一阶段接受访谈的54名社会福利工作者中的26名进行了三次独立的焦点小组讨论,每次讨论由6至10名妇女参加。结果:贫困和父权制多重压迫叠加,妇女生活中存在剥削和不平等。性暴力被结构性和文化上的不平等所框定、合法化和强化。这种剥削不仅影响了女工作者作为性工作者的生活,也影响了她们作为母亲、妻子、女朋友和女儿的生活。这些妇女作为社会服务人员和/或男性的性伴侣进行“生存性行为”,并遭受来自其客户/伴侣的性暴力。这种暴力要么在父权框架内被文化合法化,要么在社会经济领域被边缘化的男性表现为“流离失所的侵略性性行为”。结论:政府关于性工作、对性工作者的暴力行为和对所有妇女的家庭暴力/性暴力的卫生政策和刑法需要受到批评和一贯执行。要解决坦桑尼亚女性的“生存性”问题,就必须解决作者所说的男性的“流离失所的侵略性性”问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Commercial sex work, survival sex, sexual violence and HIV/AIDS prevention in Arumeru district, Arusha region of Tanzania.
Objective: To examine the knowledge and practices about HIV/AIDS among female Tanzanian commercial sex workers (CSWs) and assess the contextual dynamics that prevent safer sexual behaviours. Method: The study used mixed methods and was implemented in two phases. Phase one assessed the knowledge and practices about HIV/AIDS among CSWs. Data were obtained with 54 CSWs, who were selected by using a snowball sampling approach. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with the CSWs were undertaken to allow the research participants to describe and discuss their lived realities as they perceive and experience them. In phase two, three discrete focus group discussions, each comprising 6-10 women, were carried out with 26 of the 54 CSWs who were interviewed in phase one. Results: There was exploitation and inequity in the women’s lives due to the multiple and overlapping oppressions of poverty and patriarchy. Sexual violence was framed, legitimised and reinforced by structural and cultural inequities. Such exploitation impacted not only on CSWs’ lives as sex workers, but on their previous and/or simultaneous lives as mothers, wives, girlfriends and daughters. The women practised ‘survival sex’ as CSWs and/or sexual partners of men, and experienced sexual violence from their clients/partners. This violence was either culturally legitimised within a patriarchal framework or manifested itself as ‘displaced aggressive sex’ by men experiencing marginalisation in socio-economic spheres. Conclusion: Government health policies and criminal laws regarding sex work, violence against sex workers and domestic/sexual violence against all women need to be critiqued and consistently implemented. Addressing the ‘survival sex’ of women in Tanzania cannot occur without addressing what the authors call the ‘displaced aggressive sex’ of men.
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