第一次世界大战期间波兰女权主义者在“Ster”和“now Słowo”活动的目的和形式

Studia z Historii SpolecznoGospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI:10.18778/2080-8313.13.04

Marta Sikorska-Kowalska

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引用次数: 0

摘要

第一次世界大战前波兰妇女的社会状况与其他国家妇女的状况并没有根本的不同。与大多数欧洲国家一样，波兰妇女没有选举权，接受中等和高等教育的机会有限。此外，维多利亚时代对女性提出了严格的道德义务，同时允许男性在这方面的生活有更多的自由。因此，波兰女权主义者要求“女性享有权利，男性享有道德”。然而，由于波兰在外国占领下被分成三个部分，政治局势有所不同。独立国家的重生问题在某种程度上影响了波兰女权主义者的活动。然而，他们强调，争取妇女权利的斗争不应推迟到建立独立的波兰的那一刻。1902年，玛丽亚·图济马(Maria Turzyma)在《善意与恶意》(Good and bad will)一文中描述了波兰解放运动的具体特征:

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Aims and forms of polish feminists activity in „Ster” and „Nowe Słowo” during the 1st World War

T social situation of polish women before the 1st World War was not radically different from the situation of women in other countries1. Similarly as in the most European countries polish women had no rights for voting and limited accessibility to education on medium and higher level. Moreover, Victorian Age put severe moral obligations for women, and at the same time allowed men for much more freedom in this area of life. Hence polish feminists demanded „Rights for women, morality for men”. However the political situation was different since Poland was divided into three parts under foreign occupation. The problem of the rebirth of independent country in some way influenced the activity of polish feminists. Still they underlined that the fight for women’s rights should not be postponed to the moment of the creation of independent Poland. The specific character of polish emancipation was described in 1902 by Maria Turzyma in the paper „Good and bad will”:

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Studia z Historii SpolecznoGospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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12 weeks