废物流作为非洲持久性有机污染物和有机磷酸酯的当前来源——一项重要审查

O. Akinrinade, W. Stubbings
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质、氯化石蜡、溴化阻燃剂、多氯联苯和灭螨均受联合国环境规划署(环境署)《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的管制,该公约旨在消除环境中的有害污染物。还有一个主要的问题是有机磷酸酯和特定的替代或新型溴化阻燃剂。迄今为止,没有证据表明这些化学品的主要生产者在非洲大陆。据了解,它们通过进口商业产品进入非洲环境,特别是具有二手价值和寿命短的产品,这些产品可能在相对较短的时间内进入废物流。为了进一步了解非洲废物流中这些选定污染物的当前水平,从详尽的文献综述中收集了捕获上述目标污染物的各种非洲废物流隔间的现有文件。影响废物中污染物转移或非洲废物流中污染物浓度升高的关键因素与污染物的性质和/或来源、与处理厂/垃圾填埋场的能力有关的污染物或废物的数量、处理厂/垃圾填埋场土工膜衬垫的状况或使用年限、清除污染物所采用的模式以及收集的污泥或渗滤液的处理程序有关。所选研究的证据表明,非洲的垃圾填埋场和垃圾填埋场、废水/污泥以及垃圾填埋场和垃圾填埋场周围的人类/生物样本中存在大量持久性有机污染物。不幸的是,非洲大陆的基础设施能力不足,无法充分处理废物流中的持久性有机污染物。本文对今后的研究提出了建议和建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Waste streams as current sources of persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate esters in Africa - a critical review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, chlorinated paraffins, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls and mirex are regulated under the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP’s) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) intended for the eradication of hazardous contaminants in the environment. There is also a major concern for organophosphate esters and specific alternative or novel brominated flame retardants. To date, no evidence exists that major producers of these chemicals occur on the African continent. They are understood to find their way into African environments through the import of commercial products, in particular products with second-hand value and short lifespans, which may enter waste streams in a relatively shorter period. To further understand the current levels of these selected contaminants in African waste streams, existing documents capturing various African waste stream compartments for the above outlined targeted contaminants were gathered from an exhaustive literature review. Key factors influencing the transfer of contaminants from waste or elevated concentrations of contaminants in African waste streams are associated with the nature and/or sources of contaminants, volume of contaminants or waste in relation to the capacity of treatment plants/landfills, condition or age of treatment plants/landfill geomembrane liner, model adopted for contaminants removal and treatment procedures for collected sludges or leachates. Evidence from the selected studies indicates substantial POP contamination in African landfills and dumpsites, wastewater effluents/sludge and human/biological samples around dumpsites and landfills. Unfortunately, the continent has inadequate infrastructural capacity to adequately handle POP in the waste streams. This review provides recommendations and suggestions for future studies.
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