COVID-19最新情况、治疗和预防

F. Casas-Maldonado
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引用次数: 0

摘要

由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的大流行使全球所有公共卫生系统受到控制,原因是该疾病的发现、警报和控制机制未能发挥作用,而缺乏诊断测试又加剧了这种情况。所有这些都导致了该病毒在大多数国家的社区传播,迫使采取特殊的公共卫生措施,例如强制限制大多数人口以切断SARS-CoV-2的传播链,从而引发了前所未有的经济和卫生危机。虽然诊断是微生物学的,但成像技术在支持诊断、疾病严重程度分级、指导治疗、发现可能的并发症和评估治疗反应方面发挥着重要作用。肺功能检查对于评估COVID-19患者的肺部后遗症非常重要。如果说肺结核使基于生理学的肺炎学的出现和发展成为可能,那么新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行则使呼吸病理学的治疗方式发生了根本性的变化,因此有必要采用远程医疗等新工具,简化医疗流程,优化医疗资源。COVID-19让我们沐浴在现实中,改变了我们作为医生和整个社会的生活。呼吸支持措施、高流量系统和结合不同形式的氧气和呼气末正压的设备是避免大量患者死亡的关键,避免了许多患者进入重症监护病房,并有助于更快地缓解这些病房的拥挤。如果没有在所有肺科服务中推广的呼吸中级护理单位的建立,这是不可能实现的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
COVID-19 update, treatment and prevention
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has put all public health systems worldwide in check, due to a failure of the detection, alert and control mechanisms of the disease, aggravated by the lack of diagnostic tests. All of this led to community transmission of the virus in most countries, forcing exceptional public health measures to be taken, such as the forced confinement of most of the population to cut the chains of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, unleashing a unprecedented economic and health crisis. Although the diagnosis is microbiological, imaging techniques play an important role in supporting the diagnosis, grading the severity of the disease, guiding treatment, detecting possible complications, and assessing the therapeutic response. Pulmonary function tests are important to evaluate lung sequelae in patients who have suffered from COVID-19. If pulmonary tuberculosis made possible the appearance and development of pneumology based on physiology, the new COVID-19 pandemic has generated radical changes in the way of approaching respiratory pathology, making it necessary to incorporate new tools such as the telemedicine, simplifying the healthcare process and optimizing healthcare resources. COVID-19 has given us a bath of reality and has changed our lives, as doctors and as a society. Respiratory support measures, high-flow systems and devices that combine different modalities of oxygen and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure have been key to avoiding the death of a large number of patients, avoiding many admissions to the Intensive Care Units and helping to decongest these units in a way much faster. This would not have been possible without the creation of the Respiratory Intermediate Care Units that should be promoted in all Pulmonology Services.
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