20世纪30年代在特隆赫姆的质子加速器

Roland Wittje
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引用次数: 5

摘要

位于挪威特隆赫姆的挪威理工学院(N.T.H.)的Johan Holtsmark在1933年至1937年间建造了一个范德格拉夫核衰变发生器。这被认为是欧洲的第二台范德格拉夫发电机,也是斯堪的纳维亚的第一个粒子加速器。霍茨马克的成功项目是在20世纪20年代奥拉夫·德维克(Olaf Devik)在N.T.H.开发一种由真空特斯拉线圈驱动的核衰变放电管的失败尝试之后进行的。霍茨马克的项目源于他与奥德·达尔的互动,达尔在华盛顿卡内基研究所地磁系建造了一个范德格拉夫加速器。Holtsmark向可能对癌症研究和治疗感兴趣的组织寻求资金支持。与当时许多加速器先驱一样,被任命建造加速器若干部件的电气工程师都是无线电业余爱好者。由于资金限制和缺乏配套的电力行业,该团队不得不自己建造几乎所有的东西。当1937年投入使用时,范德格拉夫发电机已经是一台相对较小的机器。特隆赫姆的科学家们选择将其开发为用于轻元素质子捕获实验的精密机器。直到1963年,加速器被证明是研究和教学的有用工具,当时它被关闭并交给了挪威科学技术博物馆。这篇文章试图回答为什么Holtsmark在欧洲科学界的边缘从事这样一个雄心勃勃的项目,以及他是如何在一个有几个共存研究活动的小部门取得成功的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A proton accelerator in Trondheim in the 1930s
Johan Holtsmark at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (N.T.H.) in Trondheim, Norway, built a Van de Graaff generator for nuclear disintegration between 1933 and 1937. This is believed to be the second Van de Graaff generator in Europe and the first particle accelerator in Scandinavia. Holtsmark's successful project followed the failed attempt at N.T.H. by Olaf Devik in the 1920s to develop a discharge tube for nuclear disintegration driven by an evacuated Tesla coil. The genesis of Holtsmark's project was the interaction with Odd Dahl, who had constructed a Van de Graaff accelerator at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington. Holtsmark approached organizations potentially interested in cancer research and treatment for financial support. The electrical engineers appointed to build several parts of the accelerator had been radio amateurs, like many accelerator pioneers at the time. The team had to construct almost everything themselves given financial constraints and the lack of a supporting electrical industry. When operative in 1937, the Van de Graaff generator was already a comparatively small machine. The Trondheim scientists chose to develop it as a precision machine for proton capturing experiments in light elements. The accelerator proved a useful tool for research and teaching until 1963, when it was shut down and given to the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology. This article seeks to answer why Holtsmark engaged in such an ambitious project in the periphery of Europe's scientific community and how he succeeded at a small department with several coexisting research activities.
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