1994年欧洲生物技术政策制定的动态?2006

C. Enzing, A. V. D. Giessen, S. V. D. Molen, R. Lindner, J. Senker
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引用次数: 7

摘要

本文分析了1994 ~ 2006年15个欧盟老成员国和3个欧洲联属国家(冰岛、挪威和瑞士)的国家生物技术政策制定动态。它使用关于国家生物技术政策工具的两个数据集;第一个涵盖了从1994年开始的时期?第二次是从2002年到2005年。本文从国家系统的角度分析了支持生物技术的第一代和第二代政策和政策工具的变化,并从市场和系统失效的角度评估了变化。分析显示,第一代政策(支持基础研究和应用研究)仍然占据首位。在鼓励技术转让和商业化的第二代政策中发现了强大的动力。2002年的主要趋势是什么?2005年,区域政府对生物技术决策的参与有所增加。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dynamics in biotechnology policy-making in Europe in the period 1994?2006
This article analyses the dynamics in national biotechnology policy-making in the 15 old EU member states and three associated European countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) in the period from 1994?2006. It uses two data sets on national biotechnology policy instruments; the first covers the period from 1994?1998 and the second, the period from 2002?2005. The article analyses the changes in the first and second-generation policies and policy instruments that support biotechnology from a national systems perspective and assesses the changes in terms of market and systems failures. Analysis shows that first-generation policies (supporting basic and applied research) have kept their top position. Strong dynamics were found in second-generation policies encouraging technology transfer and commercialisation. A major trend in 2002?2005 was the increased regional government participation in biotechnology policy-making.
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