极地平流层云:卫星观测、过程和臭氧消耗的作用

IF 25.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Ines Tritscher, Michael C. Pitts, Lamont R. Poole, Simon P. Alexander, Francesco Cairo, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Jens-Uwe Groo?, Michael H?pfner, Alyn Lambert, Beiping Luo, Sergey Molleker, Andrew Orr, Ross Salawitch, Marcel Snels, Reinhold Spang, Wolfgang Woiwode, Thomas Peter
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引用次数: 52

摘要

极地平流层云(PSCs)在冬季和春季高纬度地区(如南极臭氧空洞)的平流层臭氧消耗中起重要作用。PSC粒子为非均相反应提供了场所,这些反应将稳定的氯储层物质转化为催化破坏臭氧的自由基。PSCs还通过沉淀大的三水合物硝酸(NAT)和冰粒去除气相HNO3和H2O,从而延缓氯的失活,从而延长臭氧消耗。通过星载仪器迈克尔逊被动大气探测干涉仪(MIPAS)、微波边缘测深仪(MLS)和正交偏振云气溶胶激光雷达(CALIOP)的当代观测,提供了一个前所未有的极地涡旋范围内PSC发生和组成的气候学视图。这些数据促进了我们对PSC形成和相关动力学过程的理解,特别是NAT和冰PSC粒子广泛非均质成核的确凿证据,可能是陨石核的起源。非均相氯活化似乎已被很好地理解。液滴上/液滴内的反应系数已经得到了精确的测量,虽然固体NAT和冰粒上的反应仍然存在不确定性,但它们被认为相对不重要,因为在大多数情况下,氯在液滴上/液滴内发生活化。在化学输运和化学-气候模式重现从空间观测到的PSC时空分布和组成的能力方面取得了显著进展。继续进行星载PSC观测将有助于进一步改进全球模式中PSC过程的表示,并能够更准确地预估极地臭氧和全球臭氧层随着气候变化的演变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion during winter and spring at high latitudes (e.g., the Antarctic ozone hole). PSC particles provide sites for heterogeneous reactions that convert stable chlorine reservoir species to radicals that destroy ozone catalytically. PSCs also prolong ozone depletion by delaying chlorine deactivation through the removal of gas-phase HNO3 and H2O by sedimentation of large nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and ice particles. Contemporary observations by the spaceborne instruments Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) have provided an unprecedented polar vortex-wide climatological view of PSC occurrence and composition in both hemispheres. These data have spurred advances in our understanding of PSC formation and related dynamical processes, especially the firm evidence of widespread heterogeneous nucleation of both NAT and ice PSC particles, perhaps on nuclei of meteoritic origin. Heterogeneous chlorine activation appears to be well understood. Reaction coefficients on/in liquid droplets have been measured accurately, and while uncertainties remain for reactions on solid NAT and ice particles, they are considered relatively unimportant since under most conditions chlorine activation occurs on/in liquid droplets. There have been notable advances in the ability of chemical transport and chemistry-climate models to reproduce PSC temporal/spatial distributions and composition observed from space. Continued spaceborne PSC observations will facilitate further improvements in the representation of PSC processes in global models and enable more accurate projections of the evolution of polar ozone and the global ozone layer as climate changes.

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来源期刊
Reviews of Geophysics
Reviews of Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
50.30
自引率
0.80%
发文量
28
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Geophysics Reviews (ROG) offers comprehensive overviews and syntheses of current research across various domains of the Earth and space sciences. Our goal is to present accessible and engaging reviews that cater to the diverse AGU community. While authorship is typically by invitation, we warmly encourage readers and potential authors to share their suggestions with our editors.
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